The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Least-cost options for integrating intermittent renewables in low-carbon power systems
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Energy storage is paramount in electric and hybrid vehicles, in green but intermittent energy sources, and in smart grids in general.”
From Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing (2018) · cites this paper as Brouwer et al., 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity
Lund, P. D., Lindgren, J., Mikkola, J., & Salpakari, J. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.057 · Cited by 1,732
Current methods and advances in forecasting of wind power generation
Foley, A., Leahy, P., Marvuglia, A., & McKeogh, E. (2012) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.033 · Cited by 1,313
Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future
Global Energy Assessment Writing Team (2012) · IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) · Cited by 1,167
The market value of variable renewables
Hirth, L. (2013) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.02.004 · Cited by 932
The Technology Path to Deep Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cuts by 2050: The Pivotal Role of Electricity
Williams, J. H., DeBenedictis, A., Ghanadan, R., Mahone, A., Moore, J., Morrow, W. R., Price, S., & Torn, M. S. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1208365 · Cited by 832
International Energy Agency (2013) · World energy outlook · doi:10.1787/weo-2013-en · Cited by 825
Connolly, D. E., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B. V., Werner, S., Möller, B., Persson, U., Boermans, T., Trier, D., Østergaard, P. A., & Nielsen, S. (2013) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.035 · Cited by 783
System LCOE: What are the costs of variable renewables?
Ueckerdt, F., Hirth, L., Luderer, G., & Edenhofer, O. (2013) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.072 · Cited by 663
Assessment of forecasting techniques for solar power production with no exogenous inputs
Pedro, H. T. C., & Coimbra, C. F. M. (2012) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.04.004 · Cited by 646
Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2010
OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency, & International Energy Agency (2010) · Projected costs of generating electricity · doi:10.1787/9789264084315-en · Cited by 590
Budischak, C., Sewell, D., Thomson, H., Mach, L., Veron, D. E., & Kempton, W. M. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.054 · Cited by 531
Paulus, M., & Borggrefe, F. (2011) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.03.017 · Cited by 523
Integration costs revisited – An economic framework for wind and solar variability
Hirth, L., Ueckerdt, F., & Edenhofer, O. (2014) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.065 · Cited by 491
Characterisation of electrical energy storage technologies
Ferreira, H. L., Garde, R., Fulli, G., Kling, W. L., & Lopes, J. P. (2013) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.037 · Cited by 464
Assessment of the theoretical demand response potential in Europe
Gils, H. C. (2014) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.019 · Cited by 441
DOE/EPRI Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA.
Akhil, A., Huff, G., Currier, A., Kaun, B., Rastler, D., Chen, S., Cotter, A., Bradshaw, D. T., & Gauntlett, W. (2015) · doi:10.2172/1170618 · Cited by 431
Flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district heating
Nuytten, T., Claessens, B., Paredis, K., Bael, J. V., & Six, D. (2012) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.029 · Cited by 409
Energy Technology Perspectives 2012
International Energy Agency (2012) · Energy technology perspectives · doi:10.1787/energy_tech-2012-en · Cited by 379
Brouwer, A. S., van den Broek, M. A., Seebregts, A. J., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.076 · Cited by 352
Self-citationThe Market Value of Variable Renewables
Hirth, L., & Hirth, L. (2012) · AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.122021 · Cited by 325
Operational flexibility and economics of power plants in future low-carbon power systems
Brouwer, A. S., van den Broek, M. A., Seebregts, A. J., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.06.065 · Cited by 300
Self-citationEuropean biomass resource potential and costs
de Wit, M., & Faaij, A. (2010) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.07.011 · Cited by 298
Self-citationWestern Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2
Lew, D. J., USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Brinkman, G., Ibanez, E., Florita, A. R., Heaney, M. D., Hodge, B., Hummon, M., Stark, G., King, J., et al. (2013) · doi:10.2172/1095399 · Cited by 293
Methodologies to Determine Operating Reserves Due to Increased Wind Power
Holttinen, H., Milligan, M. R., Ela, E. G., Menemenlis, N., Dobschinski, J., Rawn, B., Bessa, R. J., Flynn, D., Gómez‐Lázaro, E., & Detlefsen, N. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2208207 · Cited by 289
Economics and Design of Capacity Markets for the Power Sector
Cramton, P., & Ockenfels, A. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft · doi:10.1007/s12398-012-0084-2 · Cited by 241
Dusonchet, L., & Telaretti, E. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.054 · Cited by 204
ON AN "ENERGY ONLY" ELECTRICITY MARKET DESIGN FOR RESOURCE ADEQUACY
Hogan, W. W. (2005) · Cited by 190
Determining optimal electricity technology mix with high level of wind power penetration
Jonghe, C. D., Delarue, E. D., Belmans, R. J. M., & D’haeseleer, W. D. (2011) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.046 · Cited by 180
Feed-in Tariff Policy: Design, Implementation, and RPS Policy Interactions
Cory, K., Couture, T. D., & Kreycik, C. (2009) · doi:10.2172/951016 · Cited by 143
Optimised deployment of a European CO2 transport network
Morbée, J., Serpa, J., & Tzimas, E. (2012) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.11.011 · Cited by 133
Operating Reserves and Wind Power Integration: An International Comparison
Milligan, M., Donohoo, P., Lew, D. J., Ela, E. G., Kirby, B. J., Holttinen, H., Lannoye, E., Flynn, D., O’Malley, M., Miller, N., et al. (2010) · TU/e Research Portal · Cited by 133
Meta-analysis of high penetration renewable energy scenarios
Cochran, J., Mai, T., & Bazilian, M. (2013) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.089 · Cited by 132
Impact of Wind Forecast Error Statistics Upon Unit Commitment
Lowery, C., & O'Malley, M. J. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2210150 · Cited by 118
Impact of residential demand response on power system operation: A Belgian case study
Dupont, B., Dietrich, K., Jonghe, C. D., Ramos, A., & Belmans, R. J. M. (2014) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.022 · Cited by 116
Bußar, C., Moos, M., Álvarez-Malebrán, R., Wolf, P., Thien, T., Chen, H., Cai, Z., Leuthold, M., Sauer, D. U., & Moser, A. (2014) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.156 · Cited by 113
Accounting for flexibility in power system planning with renewables
Belderbos, A., & Delarue, E. D. (2015) · International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.02.033 · Cited by 107
National Assessment of Energy Storage for Grid Balancing and Arbitrage: Phase 1, WECC
Kintner-Meyer, M. C., USDOE Office of Electricity (OE), Balducci, P., Colella, W. G., Elizondo, M., Jin, C., Nguyen, T., Viswanathan, V., & Zhang, Y. (2012) · doi:10.2172/1131386 · Cited by 101
van der Wijk, P. C., Brouwer, A. S., van den Broek, M. A., Slot, T., Stienstra, G. J., van der Veen, W., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2014) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.06.014 · Cited by 76
Self-citationA framework for and assessment of demand response and energy storage in power systems
Oldewurtel, F., Borsche, T., Bucher, M., Fortenbacher, P., Vayá, M. G., Häring, T., Mathieu, J. L., Mégel, O., Vrettos, E., & Andersson, G. (2013) · IREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control (IREP) · doi:10.1109/irep.2013.6629419 · Cited by 64
Optimization potential of biomass supply chains with torrefaction technology
Batidzirai, B., van der Hilst, F., Meerman, H., Junginger, M., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2013) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.1458 · Cited by 54
Self-citationNagl, S., Fürsch, M., Paulus, M., Richter, J., Trüby, J., & Lindenberger, D. (2011) · Utilities Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jup.2011.05.001 · Cited by 52
Does controlled electric vehicle charging substitute cross-border transmission capacity?
Verzijlbergh, R., Brancucci, C., Lukszo, Z., & de Vries, L. J. (2013) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.020 · Cited by 51
Paulescu, M., Paulescu, E., Gravila, P. M., & Bădescu, V. (2012) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4649-0_2 · Cited by 43
A scenario analysis for an optimal RES integration into the European transmission grid up to 2050
Zani, A., Migliavacca, G., & Grassi, A. (2011) · International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) · doi:10.1109/eem.2011.5953045 · Cited by 24
European scenario synthesis to be used for electricity transmission network planning
Dijkstra, S. J. G., Gaxiola, E., Nieuwenhout, F., Orfanos, G. A., Özdemir, Ö., & van der Welle, A. (2012) · International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) · doi:10.1109/eem.2012.6254756 · Cited by 13
The Cost of Wind Power Forecast Errors in the Belgian Power System
Bruninx, K., Delarue, E. D., & D’haeseleer, W. D. (2014) · Lirias (KU Leuven) · Cited by 9
Quantifying flexibility markets
Koutstaal, P. R., & Hout, M. V. (2014) · Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) · Cited by 9
Operating Reserves and Wind Power Integration: An International Comparison; Preprint
Milligan, M. (2019) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 9
Wind Power Forecasting Error Distributions: An International Comparison; Preprint
Hodge, B. M., Lew, D. J., Milligan, M., Holttinen, H., Sillanpää, S., Gómez‐Lázaro, E., Scharff, R., Söder, L., Larsén, X. G., Giebel, G., et al. (2012) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 5
Sub-Hourly Impacts of High Solar Penetrations in the Western United States: Preprint
Lew, D. J., Brinkman, G., Ibáñez, E., Hummon, M., Heaney, M. D., Florita, A. R., Heaney, M. D., Hodge, B. S., & Hummon, M. (2012) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- IPCC. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM, editors. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
- IPCC. Climate change 2014, mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Farahani E, Kadner S, Seyboth K, Adler A, Baum I, Brunner S, Eickemeier P, Kriemann B, Savolainen J, Schlömer S, von Stechow C, Zwickel T, Minx JC, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014.
- NREL, 2012, vol. 1
- Oxera. Discount rates for low-carbon and renewable generation technologies. Oxford, United Kingdom; 2011.
- Awerbuch S, Yang S. Efficient electricity generating portfolios for Europe: maximising energy security and climate change mitigation. EIB papers, vol. 12, no. 2, ISSN 0257-7755; 2007.
- Finon D. The efficiency of policy instruments for the deployment of CCS as a large-sized technology. Electricity policy research group working paper 1035. UK: University of Cambridge; 2010.
- Leij H van der. A quantitative analysis of current and future electricity demand patterns in Europe. Master thesis. The Netherlands: Utrecht University; 2015.
- Cohen S. A techno-economic plant- and grid-level assessment of flexible CO2 capture. PhD dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin; 2012.
- ENTSO-E. 10-year network development plan 2012. Brussels; 2012. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Flexer, V., Baspineiro, C. F., & Galli, C. I. (2018) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.223 · Cited by 768
A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage
Blanco, H., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.062 · Cited by 756
Self-citationIs a 100% renewable European power system feasible by 2050?
Zappa, W., Junginger, M., & van den Broek, M. A. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.109 · Cited by 566
Self-citationHunter, C. A., Penev, M. M., Reznicek, E. P., Eichman, J., Rustagi, N., & Baldwin, S. F. (2021) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2021.06.018 · Cited by 357
Power system planning with increasing variable renewable energy: A review of optimization models
Deng, X., & Lv, T. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118962 · Cited by 335
Metadata
- Authors
- Brouwer, A. S., van den Broek, M., Zappa, W., Turkenburg, W. C., & Faaij, A.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Brouwer, Anne Sjoerd
- ORCID
- Zappa, William
- Venue
- Applied Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 161
- Pages
- 48-74
- ISSN
- 0306-2619 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1952114538
- Semantic Scholar
- af5359cab5959e03357632c8bc3a89c22f1cd2b3
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21
- FWCI
- 13.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Energy (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Dutch government
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
- Keywords
- intermittent renewable energy integration, low-carbon power systems, CO2 emission reduction, demand response, gas-fired power plants, carbon capture and storage, interconnection capacity, renewable energy curtailment, electricity storage, compressed air energy storage, battery energy storage, revenue gap, energy-only market
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review