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Cited by 59Smart Grid Energy ManagementElectric Vehicles and InfrastructureEnergy, Environment, and Transportation Policies

Toward residential flexibility—Consumer willingness to enroll household loads in demand response

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Sridhar, Araavind, Honkapuro, Samuli, Ruiz, Fredy, Stoklasa, Jan, Annala, Salla, Wolff, Annika, Rautiainen, Antti·2023·Applied Energy
DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121204
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Abstract

Consumers of the future play an important role in the energy system by leveraging their household loads to be flexible through demand response (DR) during a high network stress. This study aims to identify the consumers’ Willingness To Enroll (WTE) their different household loads in DR considering consumer preferences for both financial gains and emission reductions. To study this, a questionnaire survey was administered to 1,468 Finnish residential consumers, and several statistical methodologies were used to draw key findings regarding consumer socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on their WTE their household loads in DR. The key results of the study are: First, among the household loads, heating and electric appliances have a higher consumers’ willingness to enroll than EVs. Second, within the incentives, consumers preferred financial incentives to environmental incentives. Third, the expected compensations for consumers were 100 €/annum for appliances and EVs and 200 €/annum for heating. The results of this study have clear practical implications for energy flexibility in the residential sector. Further, the paper discusses the corresponding policy implications that are essential for a widespread DR adoption in the future.

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  • Residential users are less inclined to provide flexibility through their EVs compared to other appliances, due to concerns that their vehicles may not be sufficiently charged when needed.

    “However, studies have shown that residential users are less inclined to provide flexibility through their EVs compared to other appliances, due to concerns that their vehicles may not be sufficiently charged when needed [9].”

    From Optimal Coordination of Local Flexibility from Electric Vehicles with Social Impact Consideration (2025) · cites this paper as [9]

    The Discussion (p. 12) reports lower willingness to enroll EVs than appliances and heating. It does not attribute this to fears of an insufficient charge when the vehicle is needed; it instead suggests low EV ownership and limited knowledge of EV charging as possible explanations (Discussion, p. 12; Limitations, p. 13). (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sridhar, A., Honkapuro, S., Ruiz, F., Stoklasa, J., Annala, S., Wolff, A., & Rautiainen, A.
Affiliations
  • Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (FI)
  • Tampere University (FI)
Corresponding author
Sridhar, Araavind
ORCID
Venue
Applied Energy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-07
Volume
342
Pages
121204
ISSN
0306-2619 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121204
OpenAlex
W4367671692
Cited by
59
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11
FWCI
4.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LUTPub (LUT University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
Keywords
demand response, household loads, consumer preferences, financial incentives, environmental incentives, electric vehicles, heating load, electrical appliances, compensation, energy policy

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