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Cited by 58Cerebral Palsy and Movement DisordersMotor Control and AdaptationChildren's Physical and Motor Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

A Novel Instrument for Quantifying Grip Activity During Handwriting

Chau, Tom, Ji, Jingping, Tam, Cynthia, Schwellnus, Heidi·2006·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.328
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Abstract

Objective To describe and exemplify a noninvasive instrumentation system that uniquely records grip forces exerted on the barrel of the writing utensil along with typical temporal and kinematic parameters. Design Exploratory case series. Setting A tertiary care, pediatric rehabilitation hospital. Participants Convenience sample of 6 primary school children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) with documented fine motor difficulties and 6 children with no known handwriting difficulties. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Grip and normal forces during handwriting. Results The instrumentation revealed nontrivial correlations between normal and grip forces (0.55 +/- 0.16), a temporal delay between normal and grip forces (97.7 +/- 16 ms), and a consistent grip-to-normal force ratio (4.3 +/- 1.5), across all participants. Grip force distributions agreed intuitively with qualitative observations of individual grasps of the writing utensil. Further, 5 new parameters derived from grip force measures statistically differentiated between able-bodied children and those with hemiplegic CP. Conclusions The proposed instrumentation provides new insight into grip and normal force coordination and has the potential to uncover discriminatory grip force characteristics between writers with and without handwriting difficulties. Further study with larger populations is required to define functional ranges for the new grip measures.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.328

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  • Research demonstrates that 90-98% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, and autism spectrum disorder struggle with writing.

    “Research demonstrates that 90–98% of children with these disorders struggle with writing (29-32).”

    From Disorder of written expression and dysgraphia: definition, diagnosis, and management (2020) · cites this paper as [30]

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Research works printed but not linked: 26

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Metadata

Authors
Chau, T., Ji, J., Tam, C., & Schwellnus, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Bloorview Research Institute (CA)
Corresponding author
Chau, Tom
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-11
Volume
87
Issue
11
Pages
1542-1547
ISSN
0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.328
OpenAlex
W2038045050
Cited by
58
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Division of Chemistry
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Keywords
grip force, handwriting, spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, normal force, children, handwriting assessment
MeSH terms
Biomechanical Phenomena, Cerebral Palsy, Computers, Disability Evaluation, Hand, Handwriting, Hemiplegia, Humans, Hand Strength

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