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Cited by 76Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Remembering your A, B, C's: Alzheimer's disease and ABCA1

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Lewandowski, Cutler T., Laham, Megan S., Thatcher, Gregory R.J.·2022·Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
DOI 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.011PMC PMC9072248
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Abstract

The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is central to cholesterol mobilization. Reduced ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. Therapeutic approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the clinic. The risk factors for AD development and progression, including comorbid disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and inflammation. Upregulation of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation, insulin sensitivity, peripheral vascular and blood–brain barrier integrity, and anti-inflammatory signaling. Various strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described, with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) agonists. These agonists display beneficial preclinical effects; however, important side effects have limited development. In particular, ligands that bind liver X receptor (LXR), the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression, have shown positive effects in AD mouse models; however, lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often observed. The longstanding approach, focusing on LXRβ vs. LXRα selectivity, is over-simplistic and has failed. Novel approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.

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  • Peripheral blood transcriptome analyses can classify patients into immune and metabolic subgroups with diagnostic performance comparable to established biomarker frameworks like Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration (ATN).

    “Complementary analyses of peripheral blood transcriptomes have enabled patient classification into immune and metabolic subgroups, achieving diagnostic performance comparable to established biomarker frameworks like Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration (ATN)71,349,351,398.”

    From Artificial intelligence-driven multi-omics approaches in Alzheimer's disease: Progress, challenges, and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as [71]

    The section on ADRD risk factors discusses inflammation and disrupted lipid homeostasis, while the Introduction discusses amyloid and tau diagnostics. Neither reports peripheral-blood transcriptome classification into immune and metabolic subgroups or compares its diagnostic performance with ATN. Searches for transcriptome, subgroups, and ATN found no passage addressing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Authors
Lewandowski, C. T., Laham, M. S., & Thatcher, G. R. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author
Thatcher, Gregory R.J.
ORCID
Venue
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-03
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
995-1018
ISSN
2211-3835 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.011
PMC
PMC9072248
OpenAlex
W4207001665
Cited by
76
References
395
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4
FWCI
3.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002003)
  • American Heart Association (20PRE35150022)
  • National Institutes of Health (T32AG57468)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, ABCA1, cholesterol transport, liver X receptor, lipogenesis, triglyceride synthesis, blood-brain barrier, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, type 2 diabetes comorbidity, cardiovascular disease, phenotypic screening, small molecule modulators

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