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Inoculated microbial consortia perform better than single strains in living soil: A meta-analysis
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Abstract
Abstract Microbial consortium inoculation has been proposed as a natural-based strategy to safeguard multiple ecosystem services. Still, its empirical effects and comparisons to single-species inoculation have yet to be systematically quantified. In this global meta-analysis of 51 live-soil studies, we compared the impact (mean and variability) of single-species and consortium inoculations on biofertilization and bioremediation. Our results showed that both single-species and consortium inoculations increased plant growth by 29% and 48%, respectively, and pollution remediation by 48% and 80%, respectively, compared with non-inoculated treatments. We revealed the potential mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness of consortium inoculation, which are associated with the diversity of inoculants and the synergistic effect between frequently used inoculums (e.g., Bacillus and Pseudomonas ). Despite a reduction in efficacy in field settings compared to greenhouse results, consortium inoculation had a more significant overall advantage under various conditions. We recommend increasing original soil organic matter, N, and P content and regulating soil pH to 6-7 to achieve a better inoculation effect. Overall, these findings support the use of microbial consortia for improved biofertilization and bioremediation in living soil and suggest perspectives for constructing and inoculating beneficial microbial consortia.
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Environmental influences, competition with indigenous microorganisms, and other unknown variables might influence the effectiveness of microbial consortia over time.
“the continued viability and effectiveness of microbial consortia are essential across various field settings, as environmental influences, competition with Indigenous microorganisms, and other unknown variables might influence their effectiveness over time [203,210].”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [210]
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Investigating and dealing with publication and other biases in meta-analysis
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Qattan, S. Y. A. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01103-y · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, X., Mei, S., & Salles, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Xipeng
- Salles, Joana Falcão
- Venue
- Applied Soil Ecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 190
- Pages
- 105011
- ISSN
- 0929-1393 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4380992626
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Soil Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- China Scholarship Council
- European Commission (771134)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Keywords
- microbial consortia, biofertilization, bioremediation, plant growth promotion, soil pollution remediation, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, synergistic effect, soil organic matter, soil pH, nitrogen and phosphorus availability
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