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Differential diagnosis of familial high density lipoprotein deficiency syndromes
Abstract
Monogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency, because of defects in the genes of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) or lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), can be assumed in patients with HDL cholesterol levels below the fifth percentile within a given population. As in a first step underlying diseases should be excluded. Patients with a virtual absence of HDL must undergo careful physical examination to unravel the clinical hallmarks of certain HDL deficiency syndromes. In addition, family studies should be initiated, to demonstrate the vertical transmission of the low HDL cholesterol phenotype. Definitive diagnosis requires specialized biochemical tests and the demonstration of a functionally-relevant mutation in one of the three discussed candidate genes. As yet no routinely used drug is able to increase HDL cholesterol levels in patients with familial low HDL cholesterol so that prevention of cardiovascular disease in these patients must be focused on the avoidance and treatment of additional risk factors.
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“According to the results from Danish and American population studies, approximately 10% of individuals with HDL-C levels below the 5th percentile are heterozygous for mutations in the genes of APOA1, ABCA1 or LCAT [28, 29].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
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Metadata
- Authors
- von Eckardstein, A.
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-239
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160550927
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein A-I, ABCA1, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, low HDL cholesterol, differential diagnosis, vertical transmission, genetic mutations, cardiovascular disease prevention, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Hypolipoproteinemias, Cholesterol, HDL, Syndrome, Dyslipidemias
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