Cited by 135Atmospheric chemistry and aerosolsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactAdvanced Combustion Engine Technologies

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Size distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban and rural atmospheres of Guangzhou, China

Bi, Xinhui, Sheng, Guoying, Peng, Ping’an, Chen, Yingjun, Fu, Jiamo·2005·Atmospheric Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.052

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Particulate air pollution and acute health effects
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“These measurements were taken in a few megacities located in eastern [Liu et al., 2001; Guo et al., 2003; Wang and Kawamura, 2005; Yang et al., 2005; Zheng et al., 2005] and southern China [Bi et al., 2005; Ho et al., 2006].”
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“…testing many extraction techniques, such as automated Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, sonication, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) (Letellier et al., 1999; Park et al., 2002; Szolar et al., 2002; Bi et al., 2005; Okuda et al., 2006).”
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“However, only a 19 few measurements have been made for organic aerosols from the country with an increase in 20 recent years (Zheng et al., 1997; Guo et al., 2003b; Bi et al., 2005).”
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“Few studies on size distributions of organic aerosols were sparsely conducted for n -alkanes, PAHs and carboxylic acids in economically developed coastal cities in China such as Hong Kong (Yu et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2006; Zheng et al., 2008), Guangzhou (Bi et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007) and Beijing (Yao et al.,…”
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“…been introduced to estimate the potential carcinogenicity of whole PAH fractions instead of BaP, because BaP is easily decomposed by light or oxidants and the carcinogenicity of total PAHs could be underestimated (Bi et al., 2005; Kavouras et al., 2001; Mastral et al., 2003; Yassa et al., 2001).”
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“…phenomenon are unclear but may be related to long repartitioning process of low volatile 5- and 6-ring PAHs in coarse particles due to the lower vapour pressures (Bi et al., 2005), or mass of PM in this size range decreased by dry and wet deposition or forming larger particles through coagulation.”
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“98 mm), China (Bi et al., 2006), in Chicago (2.07 4.79) and in Lake Michigan (1.04 3.16) during January 1995 (Offenberg and Baker, 1999). The MMADs of emitted particles from residential combustion of pelletized biomass fuels were in the range of 0.20e0.39 mm (Boman et al., 2004). Yang et al. (1999) reported the MMADs…”
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“5) are deposited more in-depth in the alveolar (AL) region [13,18,19].”
Background
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“…the potential carcinogenicity of whole PAH fractions instead of BaP, because BaP is easily decomposed in reactive air parcels by light or oxidants and the carcinogenicity of total PAHs could be underestimated (Kavouras et al., 2001; Yassa et al., 2001; Mastral et al., 2003; Bi et al., 2005).”
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“…(IcdP)/(IcdP þ benzo[ghi] perylene (BghiP)), and fluoranthene (FLU)/(FLU þ pyrene (PYR)), BaP/BghiP have become widely used for the source apportionment studies (Yunker et al., 2002; Bi et al., 2005; Gao et al., 2012; Tobiszewski and Namie snik, 2012; Wang et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2016).”
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“of Valencia-FISABIO, 21, Avedibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and metals has been repeatedly studied in several areas around the world (Bi et al., 2005; Allen et al., 1996; Duan et al., 2007; Chrysikou et al., 2009; Oh et al., 2002; Chao et al., 2003; Zereini et al., 2005).”
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Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China
Zhu, Q., Zhang, X., Dong, S., Gao, L., Liu, G., & Zheng, M. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.065 · Cited by 48
“, 2005), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Bi et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007; Hien et al., 2007), pesticides (Coscoll a et al.”
Influential
Determination of n-alkanes, PAHs and nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and PM1 sampled in the surroundings of a municipal waste incinerator
Sarti, E., Pasti, L., Scaroni, I., Casali, P., Cavazzini, A., & Rossi, M. (2016) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.016 · Cited by 48
Removal of hexanal in cooking fume by combination of storage and plasma-catalytic oxidation on alkali-modified Co-Mn solid solution
Yao, X., Gao, M., Wei, Z., Chen, M., & Shangguan, W. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.201 · Cited by 45
Particle size distributions of currently used pesticides in a rural atmosphere of France
Coscollà, C., Yahyaoui, A., Colin, P., Robin, C., Martinon, L., Val, S., Baeza‐Squiban, A., Mellouki, A., & Yusà, V. (2013) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.057 · Cited by 45
“, 2005), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs (Allen et al., 1996; Bi et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007), organochlorine pesticides or OCPs and polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs (Chrysikou and Samara, 2009), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (Oh et al.”
Background
Concentrations of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient PM2.5 and PM10 particulates in Doha, Qatar
Javed, W., Iakovides, M., Stephanou, E. G., Wolfson, J. M., Koutrakis, P., & Guo, B. (2018) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2018.1520754 · Cited by 44
“Fine particles have a large surface-to-volume ratio, with a relatively long residence time in the atmosphere, and thus are composed of higher fractions of organic compounds compared to PM10 (Bi et al. 2005; Sanchez-Soberon et al. 2016; Sarti et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Seasonal variation, sources and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different particle fractions of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Song, H., Zhang, Y., Luo, M., Gu, J., Wu, M., Xu, D., Xu, G., & Ma, L. (2018) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2018.06.012 · Cited by 41
Size-segregated particulate chemical composition in Xinken, Pearl River Delta, China: OC/EC and organic compounds
Gnauk, T., Müller, K., van Pinxteren, D., He, L., Niu, Y., Hu, M., & Herrmann, H. (2008) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.001 · Cited by 42
Sources of excess urban carbonaceous aerosol in the Pearl River Delta Region, China
Zheng, M., Wang, F., Hagler, G. S. W., Hou, X., Bergin, M., Cheng, Y., Salmon, L. G., Schauer, J. J., Louie, P. K. K., Zeng, L., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.041 · Cited by 41
“, 2005) or in sizesegregated aerosols in Guangzhou (Bi et al., 2005) and Hong Kong (Zheng et al.”
Background
Surface Characterization of Aerosol Particles in Guangzhou, China: A Study by XPS
Song, J., & Peng, P. (2009) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820903325394 · Cited by 41
“In previous studies, the bulk compositions such as inorganic metal elements, water soluble ions, and organic compounds of aerosol particles in the Guangzhou area have been determined (Bi et al. 2003, 2005, 2008; Duan et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2008; Ma 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Seasonal Variation of the Particle Size Distribution of n-Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Aerosol of Guangzhou, China
Tang, X. L., Bi, X., Sheng, G., Tan, J., & Fu, J. (2006) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-006-0440-y · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Source apportionment of organic pollutants in fine and coarse atmospheric particles in Doha, Qatar
Javed, W., Iakovides, M., Garaga, R., Stephanou, E. G., Kota, S. H., Ying, Q., Wolfson, J. M., Koutrakis, P., & Guo, B. (2019) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2019.1640803 · Cited by 39
“was also observed in other investigations (Bi et al. 2005; Sarti et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Simultaneous Determination of 18 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Daily Foods (Hanoi Metropolitan Area) by Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tran‐Lam, T., Dao, Y. H., Nguyen, L. K. T., Ma, H. K., Tran, H. N., & Le, G. T. (2018) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods7120201 · Cited by 38
“PAHs are abundant in the atmosphere and ubiquitous in several tea-growing regions, such as India [42], Sri Lanka [43], China [44], and Tibet [45].”
Background
Source apportionment of PAHs and n-alkanes in respirable particles in Tehran, Iran by wind sector and vertical profile
Moeinaddini, M., Sari, A. E., Bakhtiari, A. R., Chan, A. Y.-C., Taghavi, S. M., Hawker, D. W., & Connell, D. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2694-1 · Cited by 38
Determination of Particle-associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air of Beijing by GC/MS
Liu, L., Hashi, Y., Liu, M., Wei, Y., & Lin, J. (2007) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.23.667 · Cited by 38
Distribution of n-Alkanes in the Northern Italy Aerosols: Data Handling of GC-MS Signals for Homologous Series Characterization
Pietrogrande, M. C., Mercuriali, M., Perrone, M., Ferrero, L., Sangiorgi, G. B., & Bolzacchini, E. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1001242 · Cited by 37
Chemical Speciation and Source Assignment of Particulate (PM10) Phase Molecular Markers in Mumbai
Herlekar, M., Joseph, A. E., Kumar, R., & Gupta, I. (2012) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2011.07.0091 · Cited by 37
“Whereas in study conducted in China, total n-alkane concentration varied in the range of 233.2 to 1037.0 ng/m 3 (Bi et al. , 2005).”
Influential
The seasonal changes and spatial trends of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the summer and autumn in Changsha city
Yang, F., Zhai, Y., Chen, L., Li, C., Zeng, G., He, Y., Fu, Z., & Peng, W. (2009) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.004 · Cited by 36
Winter air pollution by and inhalation exposure to nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in rural Shanxi, north China
Du, W., Chen, Y., Shen, G., Wang, W., Zhuo, S., Huang, Y., Pan, X., & Tao, S. (2018) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.004 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Regional haze formation enhanced the atmospheric pollution levels in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Implications for anthropogenic sources and secondary aerosol formation
Haque, M. M., Cao, F., Schnelle‐Kreis, J., Abbaszade, G., Liu, X., Bao, M., Zhang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138013 · Cited by 35
Seasonal variation of particle size distributions of PAHs at Seoul, Korea
Lee, J. Y., Shin, H. J., Bae, S. Y., Kim, Y. P., & Kang, C.-H. (2008) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-008-0002-2 · Cited by 34
“The PM10 concentration of W-5 was 223 μg m−3, three times higher than the average PM10 concentration of other winter samples except W-5 and comparable to that measured at urban area in China (Bi et al. 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Size distribution of particle-associated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their implications for health
Lyu, Y., Xu, T., Li, X., Cheng, T., Yang, X., Sun, X., & Chen, J. (2016) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-9-1025-2016 · Cited by 32
“In comparison, for the PAHs with more rings, due to the lower vapor pressures, the time required for this repartitioning process is much longer (Bi et al., 2005); therefore, they tend to remain in fine particles that are initially emitted (Duan et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Chemical composition of particulate organic matter at industrial, university and forest areas located in Bouira province, Algeria
Khedidji, S., Balducci, C., Ladji, R., Cecinato, A., Perilli, M., & Yassaa, N. (2016) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2016.12.005 · Cited by 32
Source apportionment of PAHs and n -alkanes bound to PM 1 collected near the Venice highway
Valotto, G., Rampazzo, G., Gonella, F., Formenton, G., Ficotto, S., & Giraldo, G. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.025 · Cited by 30
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weight 302 in PM2.5 at two industrial sites in South China
Wei, S., Liu, M., Huang, B., Bi, X., Sheng, G., & Fu, J. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/c1em10320b · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Characterization and sources assignation of PM2.5 organic aerosol in a rural area of Spain
Jiménez, Ó. P., Pérez, R. M., Garcı́a-Alonso, S., Sánchez, M., Galán, P., & Fernández, M. (2009) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.046 · Cited by 30
Vertically resolved chemical characteristics and sources of submicron aerosols measured on a Tall Tower in a suburban area near Denver, Colorado in winter
Öztürk, F., Bahreini, R., Wagner, N. L., Dubé, W. P., Young, C. J., Brown, S. S. S., Brock, C. A., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J. L., Cooper, O. R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2013jd019923 · Cited by 28
Size-dependent emission characteristics of airborne parent and halogenated PAHs from municipal solid waste incinerators in Shenzhen, China
Shu, W.-B., Zhao, Y., Ni, H., & Zeng, H. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.155 · Cited by 27
Characterization and preliminary risk assessment of road dust collected in Venice airport (Italy)
Valotto, G., Zannoni, D., Rampazzo, G., Visin, F., Formenton, G., & Gasparello, A. (2018) · Journal of Geochemical Exploration · doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.03.005 · Cited by 25
Atmospheric Implications of Large C 2 ‐C 5 Alkane Emissions From the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry
Tzompa‐Sosa, Z. A., Henderson, B. H., Keller, C. A., Travis, K. R., Mahieu, E., Franco, B., Estes, M., Helmig, D., Fried, A., Richter, D. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2018jd028955 · Cited by 27
“C2‐5 ARCTAS 110° to 126°W, April, June–July 2008 Simpson et al. (2010) 30° to 50°N Simpson et al. (2011) C2‐5 HIPPO 90° to 116°W, June–September 2011 Wofsy et al. (2012) 25° to 50°N C2‐5 SEACR (4)S 80° to 126°W, August–September 2013 Blake et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from selected processes in steelworks
Baraniecka, J., Pyrzyńska, K., Szewczyńska, M., Pośniak, M., & Dobrzyńska, E. (2010) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.120 · Cited by 27
Chemical Characterisation of Organic Functional Group Compositions in PM2.5Collected at Nine Administrative Provinces in Northern Thailand during the Haze Episode in 2013
Pongpiachan, S., Choochuay, C., Chonchalar, J., Kanchai, P., Phonpiboon, T., Wongsuesat, S., Chomkhae, K., Kittikoon, I., Hiranyatrakul, P., Cao, J., et al. (2013) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3653 · Cited by 26
“In the urban aerosols near the road measured in Guangzhou, China, approximately 57% of n-alkane and 62% of PAHs were found in the particle fraction with diameters 0.49 µm (Bi et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Zhao, J., Peng, P., Song, J., Ma, S., Sheng, G., & Fu, J. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62470-5 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Source apportionment of particulate organic compounds in a rural area of Spain by positive matrix factorization
Jiménez, Ó. P., & Pérez, R. M. (2011) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.5094/apr.2011.056 · Cited by 26
Estimation of the Personal Deposited Dose of Particulate Matter and Particle-Bound Metals Using Data from Selected European Cities
Chalvatzaki, E., Chatoutsidou, S. E., Mammi-Galani, E., Almeida, S. M., Gini, M. I., Eleftheriadis, K., Diapouli, E., & Lazaridis, M. (2018) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos9070248 · Cited by 24
Size distribution and clothing-air partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by barbecue
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Biomass burning influences determination based on PM 2.5 chemical composition combined with fire counts at southeastern Tibetan Plateau during pre-monsoon period
Zhang, N., Cao, J., Wang, Q., Huang, R., Zhu, C., Xiao, S., & Wang, L. (2018) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.02.018 · Cited by 23
“5 from Beijing (Huang et al., 2006), 141–392 ngm−3 in PM10 from Guangzhou (Bi et al., 2005), or 31.0 ± 296.8 ngm−3 in TSP from Lhasa (Gong et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluential
Size distribution and sorption of polychlorinated biphenyls during haze episodes
Zhu, Q., Liu, G., Zheng, M., Zhang, X., Gao, L., Su, G., & Liang, Y. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.007 · Cited by 22
Distribution and sources of SVOCs in fine and coarse aerosols in the megacity of Istanbul
Flores, R. M., Özdemir, H., Ünal, A., & Tayanç, M. (2022) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106100 · Cited by 20
Long-term (1993–2018) particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration trend in the atmosphere of Seoul: Changes in major sources and health effects
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The effect of meteorological conditions on aerosol size distribution in Istanbul
Kuzu, S. L., & Saral, A. (2017) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-017-0491-y · Cited by 19
“In many of the previous studies, ambient particle MMDs were close to 1 μm (Bi et al. 2005; Kuzu et al. 2013; Lin et al. 2008; Şahin et al. 2012).”
High cancer risk from inhalation exposure to PAHs in Fenhe Plain in winter: A particulate size distribution-based study
Li, H., Li, H., Zhang, L., Cheng, M., Guo, L., He, Q., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116924 · Cited by 18
“…i.e., Beijing (Zhou et al., 2005), Tianjin (Wu et al., 2006), Shanghai (Wang et al., 2016b), Xi'an (Ren et al., 2017) and the Pearl River Delta (Bi et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2007; Ren et al., 2017) in China, Athens (Theodosi et al., 2011), Heraclion (Kavouras and Stephanou, 2002), Island of…”
BackgroundInfluential
Size-segregated analysis of PAHs in Urban air: Source apportionment and health risk assessment in an Urban canal-adjacent environment
Pongpiachan, S., Tipmanee, D., Khumsup, C., Hirunyatrakul, P., Hashmi, M. Z., & Poshyachinda, S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320405 · Cited by 16
“Size-segregated analysis of PAHs in Urban air with high automobile emissions, significant coal combustion, and air pollution [56].”
Size Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Two Receptor Sites in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Implications of a Dominant Droplet Mode
Yu, H., & Yu, J. Z. (2010) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.524680 · Cited by 16
“…of studies have reported PAH size distribution measurements in rural or suburban atmospheres around the world in recent years (Allen et al. 1996; Bi et al. 2005; Offenberg and Baker 1999; Kaupp and Mclachlan 2000; Eiguren-Fernandez et al. 2003; Miguel et al. 2004; Yang et al. 2006; Wu et al.…”

Authors: Bi, X., Sheng, G., Peng, P., Chen, Y., & Fu, J.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author: Sheng, Guoying
ORCID: Bi, Xinhui
Peng, Ping’an
Chen, Yingjun
Venue: Atmospheric Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Pages: 477-487
ISSN: 1352-2310 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.052
OpenAlex: W2022389918
Cited by: 135
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Atmospheric Environment (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Keywords: n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, size distribution, particulate matter, urban aerosols, rural aerosol, mass median diameter, fine particles, organic aerosol, Guangzhou

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Size distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban and rural atmospheres of Guangzhou, China

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