Cytokines are associated with longitudinal changes in cognitive performance among urban adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Chronic systemic inflammation has been positively associated with structural and functional brain changes representing early markers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cognitive decline. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African-Americans and Whites urban adults.Methods Participants were selected from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (2004-2013, baseline age: 30-64 y, mean ± SD follow-up time of 4.64 ± 0.93 y, N = 189-222, k = 1.5-1.7 observations/participant). Cytokines known to be positively linked to AD incidence among others were tested against cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive function, stratifying by age group (≤50 y vs. >50 y), sex and race. A series of mixed-effects regression models were conducted, adjusting for key confounders.Results Among key findings, IL1β was positively associated with a faster rate of decline on a test of executive functioning, among older adults (age >50 y, γ 11 = +2.49 ± 0.89, p = 0.005), while in the total population, IL-6 was linked to a faster decline on a test of verbal memory (γ 11 = -0.011 ± 0.004, p = 0.009). Among younger participants, IL-18 was linked to a poorer performance on a test of attention at baseline (age ≤50 y, γ 01 = -0.007 ± 0.0025, p = 0.004) though a slower rate of decline with higher IL-18 was detected for a test of psychomotor speed in older adults (age >50 y, γ 11 = +0.0010 ± 0.0004, p = 0.008). Finally, among Whites, unlike among African-Americans, IL-6 was associated with a better baseline performance on two tests of verbal and working memory.Conclusions Cytokines were shown to be associated with age-related cognitive decline among middle-aged and older urban adults in an age group and race-specific manner. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our findings and mediation through relevant biological and psychosocial factors need to be studied as well.
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Many studies have suggested that inflammation activation is linked to cognitive dysfunction, with a primary role for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α.
“Many studies have implied that inflammation activation is inextricably linked to cognitive dysfunction suggesting a primary role of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α (Beydoun et al., 2019, Gorelick, 2010, McAfoose and Baune, 2009).”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Beydoun et al., 2019
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References 72 · Cited by 45
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Darweesh SKL, Wolters FJ, Ikram MA, de Wolf F, Bos D, Hofman A, 2018b Inflammatory markers and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 14, 1450– 1459. 29605221
- McCarrey AC, An Y, Kitner-Triolo MH, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM, 2016b Sex differences in cognitive trajectories in clinically normal older adults. Psychology and Aging 31, 166– 175. 26796792 PMC4783196
- Authors
- Beydoun, M. A., Weiss, J., Obhi, H. K., Beydoun, H. A., Dore, G. A., Liang, H., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beydoun, May A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Behavior and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 474-487
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6698146
- OpenAlex
- W2937904431
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (F31AG058370, T32 HD007242)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Institutes of Health
- University of Pennsylvania
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- cytokines, systemic inflammation, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, IL-1β, interleukin-6, IL-18, executive function, verbal memory, attention, psychomotor speed, racial differences, African Americans, urban adults, middle-aged and older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Urban Population, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-18, White People, Interleukin-1beta, Executive Function, Cognitive Dysfunction
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