Understanding the pathophysiology of depression: From monoamines to the neurogenesis hypothesis model-Are we there yet?
Abstract
A number of factors (biogenic amine deficiency, genetic, environmental, immunologic, endocrine factors and neurogenesis) have been identified as mechanisms which provide unitary explanations for the pathophysiology of depression. Rather than a unitary construct, the combination and linkage of these factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. That is, environmental stressors and heritable genetic factors acting through immunologic and endocrine responses initiate structural and functional changes in many brain regions, resulting in dysfunctional neurogenesis and neurotransmission which then manifest as a constellation of symptoms which present as depression.
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The depression process and related brain changes have been linked to hyperactivity or dysregulation of the HPA axis.
“The depression process and related brain changes, however, have also been linked to the hyperactivity or dysregulation of the HPA axis [127,130,131,182,212].”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
Factors such as low cognitive ability/function, cognitive vulnerability, cognitive impairment or deficits, subjective cognitive decline, regression of dendritic branching and hippocampal atrophy/death of hippocampal cells, impaired neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis-related aspects have been linked to depression.
“The results show that factors, such as low cognitive ability/function, cognitive vulnerability, cognitive impairment or deficits, subjective cognitive decline, regression of dendritic branching and hippocampal atrophy/death of hippocampal cells, impaired neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis-related aspects, have been linked to depression [131,212,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,2”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
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References 310 · Cited by 379
- Authors
- Jesulola, E., Micalos, P., & Baguley, I. J.
- Affiliations
- Charles Sturt University (AU)
- Westmead Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jesulola, Emmanuel
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 341
- Pages
- 79-90
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2776975812
- Semantic Scholar
- 8c550292599001548bfa133b01a0e8ed0482f866
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 310
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- depression pathophysiology, monoamines, genetic factors, environmental stressors, immune response, hormonal factors, neurotransmission, brain structural and functional changes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Models, Neurological, Biogenic Monoamines, Neurogenesis
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