Interaction of childhood maltreatment with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene: effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity
Open accessAbstract
Background Variation in the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR1) gene has been shown to interact with early life stress to predict adult depression. This study was conducted to determine whether CRHR1 polymorphisms interact with childhood maltreatment to predict hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, which has been linked to both depression and early life stress.Methods One hundred twenty-nine White, non-Hispanic adults completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (DEX/CRH) test, and provided blood samples for genotyping of two CRHR1 polymorphisms.Results Both rs110402 and rs242924 (which were in tight linkage disequilibrium, D' = .98) showed a significant interaction with maltreatment in the prediction of cortisol response to the DEX/CRH test (p < .05). For subjects with maltreatment, the GG genotype of each single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with elevated cortisol responses to the test.Conclusions Variation in the CRHR1 moderates the effect of childhood maltreatment on cortisol responses to the DEX/CRH test. Excessive HPA axis activation could represent a mechanism of interactions of risk genes with stress in the development of mood and anxiety disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
It is more likely that individuals carry genetic vulnerability to specific intermediate phenotypes within a complex system when exposed to relevant life stressors.
“it is more likely that individuals carry genetic vulnerability to specific intermediate phenotypes within a complex system when exposed to relevant life stressors (See for example Tyrka et al., 2009).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Tyrka et al., 2009
Tyrka et al. (2009) found that for two CRHR1 polymorphisms, individuals with the G/G genotype and reported childhood maltreatment had an elevated cortisol response to the dexamethasone/CRH test.
“For both polymorphisms, individuals with the G/G genotype and reported childhood maltreatment had an elevated cortisol response”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Tyrka et al. (2009)
Tyrka et al. suggested that prior findings of elevated depressive symptoms in individuals with this genotype and childhood maltreatment could reflect alterations in neuroendocrine stress responding.
“suggesting that prior findings of elevated depressive symptoms in individuals with this genotype and childhood maltreatment could reflect alterations in neuroendocrine stress responding.”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Tyrka et al. (2009)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 24 · Cited by 264
- Authors
- Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Gelernter, J., Schepker, C., Anderson, G. M., & Carpenter, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tyrka, Audrey R.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 681-685
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2881567
- OpenAlex
- W1975594912
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 10.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Medtronic
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Department of the Interior
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- child abuse, corticotropin-releasing factor receptor, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol response, early life stress, gene-environment interaction, dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone test, depression, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- CRF Receptor, Type 1, Adolescent, Adult, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Depression, Dexamethasone, Female, Genotype, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Polymorphism, Genetic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Linkage Disequilibrium, Linear Models, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
