Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation with online cognitive training improves symptoms of Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19: a case series
Open accessAbstract
Given that there is accumulating evidence that one third of patients who develop COVID-19 experience enduring cognitive dysfunction with cumulative symptoms, there is an urgent need to develop treatment alternatives for Post-Acute Sequelae of Sars-Cov2 (PASC) [1]. Cross-sectional studies addressing the incidence of psychiatric and cognitive abnormalities in COVID-19 patients provided initial evidence on the occurrence of delirium, encephalopathy, persisting cognitive impairment, insomnia, psychotic and mood symptoms [2].
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Non-invasive brain stimulation via tDCS has been proposed as a viable solution.
“Non-invasive brain stimulation via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a viable solution [4][5][6].”
From Evaluating the efficacy of repetitive anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive fatigue in long COVID: A randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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McTeague, L. M., Huemer, J., Carreon, D. M., Jiang, Y., Eickhoff, S. B., & Etkin, A. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16040400 · Cited by 635 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this context, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention with potential as a PASC treatment as it modulates brain vascular function [3] and enhance ongoing synaptic plasticity [4], which can result in modulation of neural circuits underlying neurological, cogniti…”
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Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [1]Butler M. Pollak T.A. Rooney A.G. Michael B.D. Nicholson T.R. Neuropsychiatric complications of covid-19 BMJ 371 2020 Oct 13 m3871 33051183
- [2]Mao L. Jin H. Wang M. Hu Y. Chen S. He Q. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China JAMA Neurol 77 2020 683 690 32275288 PMC7149362
- [3]Bahr-Hosseini M. Bikson M. Neurovascular-modulation: a review of primary vascular responses to transcranial electrical stimulation as a mechanism of action Brain Stimul 14 4 2021 Jul 837 847 33962079
- [4]Kronberg G. Rahman A. Sharma M. Bikson M. Parra L.C. Direct current stimulation boosts hebbian plasticity in vitro Brain Stimul 13 2 2020 Mar 287 301 31668982 PMC6989352
- [6]Dedoncker J. Brunoni A.R. Baeken C. Vanderhasselt M.-A. A systematic review and MetaAnalysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: influence of stimulation parameters Brain Stimul 9 2016 501 517 27160468
- [7]Mancuso L.E. Ilieva I.P. Hamilton R.H. Farah M.J. Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve healthy working memory?: a meta-analytic review J CognNeurosci 28 2016 1063 1089 27054400
- [8]Eilam-Stock T. George A. Lustberg M. Wolintz R. Krupp L.B. Charvet L.E. Telehealth transcranial direct current stimulation for recovery from Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) Brain Stimul 14 6 2021 Nov-Dec 1520 1522 34655835 PMC8514329
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Mischke, M., & Zaehle, T. (2025) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2025.03.011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cavendish, B. A., Lima, A., Bertola, L., Charvet, L., Bikson, M., Brunoni, A. R., & Vidal, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- New York University (US)
- City College of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cavendish, Beatriz A.
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1375-1377
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- PMC
- PMC9528061
- OpenAlex
- W4300862091
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, online cognitive training, post-COVID-19 sequelae, long COVID, cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, insomnia, mood symptoms, delirium, encephalopathy
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Cognitive Training, Humans, Disease Progression, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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