Selective extraction of hemicelluloses from spruce using switchable ionic liquids
Abstract
Switchable ionic liquids (SILs) made from alcohols, either hexanol or butanol, and CO₂ together with an amidine (1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU)) were investigated as dissolution/fractionation solvents for wood material. Both native spruce (Picea abies), and pre-extracted spruce were treated with either butanol SIL (SIL1) or hexanol SIL (SIL2) for 5 days at 55°C under normal pressure. The SILs were formed by bubbling CO₂ through an equimolar mixture of either 1-hexanol or 1-butanol and DBU. The viscosity of the mixture increased from 7.1mPas to 2980mPas for SIL2 and 5.1 to 1600mPas for SIL1. Melting points of the SILs 1 and 2 were at 8 and 14°C, respectively. After the treatment time (5 days), the undissolved fraction contained 38wt.% less hemicelluloses compared to native spruce. There was an increase in the glucose content of the milled spruce treated with both SILs, since the milling step reduced the cellulose crystallinity of the wood and facilitated an easier SIL access into the wood. The solvents were very neutral in terms of lignin removal. Consequently, only about 2% of the lignin was removed from native wood. Moreover, a priori removal of the wood extractives did not influence the lignin removal.
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For the Ionosolv and Dissolution Processes, it is important that the cellulose fraction be as free of ionic liquid as possible to avoid unwanted deactivation of the saccharification enzymes or toxicity to the fermenting microorganisms.
“For the Ionosolv, as well as the Dissolution Process, it is important that the cellulose fraction be as free of ionic liquid as possible to avoid unwanted deactivation of the saccharification enzymes 162 or toxicity to the fermenting microorganisms.188”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [188]
The ionic liquid cation was identified as the main cause of cell toxicity, as control experiments with inorganic acetate and chloride salts did not lead to the same level of inhibition.
“The ionic liquid cation was identified as the main cause of cell toxicity, as control experiments with inorganic acetate and chloride salts did not lead to the same level of inhibition.”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [188]
As little as 0.25% residual [C2C1im][MeCO2] in the fermentation broth will completely inhibit yeast growth and biofuel production.
“As little as 0.25% residual [C 2 C 1 im][MeCO 2 ] in the fermentation broth will completely inhibit yeast growth and biofuel production.188”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [188]
[C2C1im]Cl also affects growth of the yeast, but to a lesser extent.
“The ionic liquid [C 2 C 1 im]Cl also affects growth of the yeast, but to a lesser extent.188”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [188]
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References 18 · Cited by 84
- Authors
- Anugwom, I., Mäki-Arvela, P., Virtanen, P., Willför, S., Sjöholm, R., & Mikkola, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- Åbo Akademi University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Anugwom, I.
- Venue
- Carbohydrate Polymers
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2005-2011
- ISSN
- 0144-8617 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2157263437
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Carbohydrate Polymers (publishedVersion)
- Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Keywords
- hemicellulose extraction, spruce, Norway spruce, DBU, 1-hexanol, n-butanol, CO2 bubbling, wood dissolution, wood fractionation, lignin removal, wood extractives, glucose content, cellulose crystallinity, solvent viscosity
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