Cited by 281Environmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyHeavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityAquaculture disease management and microbiota

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Effects of exposure to multiple trace metals on biochemical, histological and ultrastructural features of gills of a freshwater fish, Channa punctata Bloch

Pandey, Suwarna, Parvez, Suhel, Ansari, Rizwan Ahamd, Ali, Mehboob, Kaur, Manpreet, Hayat, Faisal, Ahmad, Firoz, Raisuddin, Sheikh·2008·Chemico-Biological Interactions

DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.014

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Abstract

The trace metals are frequently encountered as mixtures of essential and non-essential elements. Therefore, evaluation of their toxic effects individually does not offer a realistic estimate of their impact on biological processes. We studied effects of a mixture of four essential and toxic metals (Cu, Cd, Fe and Ni) on biochemical and morphological characteristics of the gills of a biomarker freshwater fish Channa punctata (Bloch) using environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to metal mixture through tank water for 7, 15 and 30 days. Biochemical studies as well as light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant metal exposure-induced alterations in gills. Besides ultastructural changes, activities of antioxidant enzymes such catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly altered in the gills of exposed fish. The reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly (p<0.001) decreased, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly (p<0.001) increased. The main alterations in general morphology of fish gills included spiking and fusion of secondary lamellae, formation of club-shaped filaments, and vacuolization and necrosis of filament epithelium in the interlamellar regions. SEM studies showed gradual increase of the density and apical surface area of the chloride cells and transformation of the surface structure of the pavement cells. The results of this study indicate adaptive as well a toxic responses in fish gills exposed to mixture of trace metals. Low concentrations of trace metal appear to compromise the antioxidant defense of gills. Lesions in the gill morphology caused by the effect of low concentrations of trace metals could lead to functional alterations and interference with fundamental processes such as maintenance of osmoregulation, gas exchange and xenobiotic metabolism in the exposed fish populations.

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Li, H., Liu, H., Wu, S., Ai, C., Yang, Q. X., Jia, J., Xu, X., Wu, M., & Jiang, J. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13030314 · Cited by 17
The effect of pH on the toxicity of fatty acids and fatty acid amides to rainbow trout gill cells
Bertin, M. J., Voronca, D., Chapman, R. W., & Moeller, P. D. R. (2013) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.026 · Cited by 17
European sea bass gill pathology after exposure to cadmium and terbuthylazine: expert versus fractal analysis
Manera, M., Giari, L., DePasquale, J. A., & Dezfuli, B. S. (2015) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/jmi.12332 · Cited by 17
Genetic effects of living in a highly polluted environment: the case of the silverside Basilichthys microlepidotus (Jenyns) (Teleostei: atherinopsidae) in the Maipo River basin, central Chile
Vega‐Retter, C., Muñoz‐Rojas, P., Vila, I., Copaja, S. V., & Véliz, D. (2014) · Population Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10144-014-0444-3 · Cited by 17
“Pollution affects the abundance of aquatic biota by increasing mortality, reducing fertility, and changing behaviors and morphology (Weis et al. 2001; Fracácio et al. 2003; Pandey et al. 2008).”
Background
Efficiency of Moringa oleifera dietary supplement reducing lead toxicity in Puntius altus
Sirimongkolvorakul, S. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr11.062 · Cited by 17
Toxicity and potential underlying mechanism of Karenia selliformis to the fish Oryzias melastigma
Liu, Q.-Y., Chen, Z., Li, D., Li, A., Ji, Y., Li, H., & Yang, W. (2023) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106643 · Cited by 18
Assessing microplastics in aquatic ecosystem: Sources, effects, and nature-based solution. A review
Narwal, N., & Kakakhel, M. A. (2025) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104030 · Cited by 16
Effect of Zinc on the Histopathology of Gill, Liver and Kidney of Fresh Water Catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)
Srivastava, N. K., & Prakash, S. (2019) · International Journal of Biological Innovations · doi:10.46505/ijbi.2019.1102 · Cited by 16
“…secretion of mucous, fusion of secondary gill lamellae, reduction in length, central core broken and vacuolization are some of the important histopathological abnormalities observed in the gill of Channa punctatus exposed to sub-lethal concentration of nickel chloride (Pandey et al., 2008).”
Background
Alteration in DNA structure, molecular responses and Na+ -K+ -ATPase activities in the gill of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in response to sub-lethal verapamil
Ajima, M. N. O., Pandey, P. K., Kumar, K., & Poojary, N. (2017) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.050 · Cited by 16
Dietary N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents histopathological changes in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial water bloom
Puerto, M., Prieto, A. I., Jos, A. M., Moreno, I., Moyano, R., Blanco, A., & Cameán, A. M. (2010) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.020 · Cited by 16
Heavy metal contamination during processing of canned fish: a review on food health and food safety
Rana, M. M., Asdari, R., Chowdhury, A. J. K., & Munir, M. B. (2023) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.5004/dwt.2023.30015 · Cited by 15
“Different factors such as physical and chemical properties of water as well as seasonal changes are the reason of significant augmentation of metals in different fish tissues [37,38].”
Background
Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Understanding the Effects of Xenobiotics on the Health of Aquatic Organisms
Banaee, M., Paola, D. D., Cuzzocrea, S., Cordaro, M., & Faggio, C. (2024) · Biochemistry · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006063 · Cited by 15
Biochemical composition and activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes during the egg and yolk‐sac larval development of the cobia ( Rachycentron canadum )
Huang, J., Amenyogbe, E., Chen, G., & Wang, W. (2020) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.15017 · Cited by 15
Variations in hepatic biomarkers in American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ) from three sites in Florida, USA
Gunderson, M. P., Pickett, M. A., Martin, J. T., Hulse, E. J., Smith, S. S., Smith, L. A., Campbell, R. M., Lowers, R. H., Boggs, A. S. P., & Guillette, L. J. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.018 · Cited by 15
“…contaminants present at Merritt Island NWR cause depression of GST activity at this life stage and is consistent with studies reporting lower GST activity in fish exposed to a mixture of metals (Cu, Cd, Fe and Ni) and frogs exposed to Cr and Cd (Kostaropoulos et al., 2005; Pandey et al., 2008).”
Result
Microplastic toxicity in fish: A potential review on sources, impacts, and solution
Islam, M. T., Antu, U. B., Hossain, M. S., Paul, J. R., Hasan, T., Singha, P., Mitra, S., Hasan, S. M. S., Ismail, Z., Islam, M. S., et al. (2025) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107498 · Cited by 16
Acute Exposure to Two Biocides Causes Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Gill Ciliary Epithelium of the Invasive Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857)
Moreira, A. M. S., Freitas, É. T. F., Reis, M. D. P., Nogueira, J. M., Barbosa, N. P. U., Reis, A. L. M., Pelli, A., Camargo, P. R. D. S., Cardoso, A. V., de Paula, R. S., et al. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13203258 · Cited by 14
“The increase in epithelium area was seen only for 24 h as a means of protection, trying to isolate the organism from the environment [59].”
Background
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their histopathological impact on Mugil cephalus from the North Eastern Region of Manzala Lake, Egypt
El-Hak, H. N. G., El-Din, M. I. S., & Elrayess, R. A. (2021) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101841 · Cited by 14
Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of a Nickel Mining Waste to Oreochromis niloticus
Oliveira-Filho, E. C., Muniz, D. H. D. F., Ferreira, M. F. N., & Grisólia, C. K. (2010) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00128-010-0118-6 · Cited by 14
Biochemical responses in gills of rainbow trout exposed to propiconazole
Li, Z., Žlábek, V., Grabic, R., Li, P., & Randák, T. (2010) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.2478/s11535-010-0105-2 · Cited by 14
“Due to its special structural and physiological characters, the gill tissue is very highly vulnerable to toxic chemicals present in aquatic environments and has frequently been used in the assessment of impact of pollutants in aquatic systems [8, 19 ,20].”
Background
Histopathology of rainbow trout gills after exposure to copper
Khabbazi, M., Harsij, M., Hedayati, A., Gerami, M. H., & Ghafarifarsani, H. (2015) · Iranian journal of ichthyology · doi:10.22034/iji.v1i3.26 · Cited by 14
Metformin-induced alterations in gills of the freshwater fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) detected by histological and scanning electron microscopy
Barbieri, P. A., Mari-Ribeiro, I. P., Lupepsa, L., Gigliolli, A. A. S., Paupitz, B. R., de Melo, R. F., Mello, E. V. D. S. L., Portela-Castro, A. L. D. B., & Borin-Carvalho, L. A. (2022) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-022-02580-0 · Cited by 14
“2012), Channa punctata exposed to trace metals (Pandey et al. 2008) and Oreochromis sp.”
Background
Oxidative stress and non-specific immune responses in juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, exposed to waterborne zinc
Kim, J., Park, H.-J., Kim, K.-W., & Kang, J. (2017) · Fisheries and aquatic sciences · doi:10.1186/s41240-017-0056-x · Cited by 13
“Pandey et al. (2008) reported a significant decrease in GSH levels in spotted snakehead, Channa punctate, that were exposed to multiple metals.”
Background
Use of biomass for the removal of heavy metals at low concentrations from freshwater for Chilean Atlantic salmon farms
Aspé, E. R., Roeckel, M., & Fernández, K. F. (2012) · Aquacultural Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.01.002 · Cited by 12
Lead induced overactivation of phagocytes and variation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in intestinal macrophages of Channa punctatus
Paul, N., & Sengupta, M. (2013) · Modern Research in Inflammation · doi:10.4236/mri.2013.22004 · Cited by 12
Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Tissues of Rohu Fish for Environmental Risk Assessment
Noor, N., & Zutshi, B. (2016) · Journal of Water Resource and Protection · doi:10.4236/jwarp.2016.84040 · Cited by 12
Exposure to pollutants present in Iguaçu River Southern Brazil affect the health of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758): Assessment histological, genotoxic and biochemical
Rubio-Vargas, D. Á., Ribeiro, C. A. D. O., Neto, F. F., Cordeiro, A. L., Cestari, M. M., de Souza, A. C., Martins, C. C., da Silva, C. P., de Campos, S. X., Garcia, J. R. E., et al. (2021) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2021.103682 · Cited by 12
Characterization of p53 From the Marine Crab Portunus trituberculatus and Its Functions Under Low Salinity Conditions
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Investigation of Cadmium-Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Response in Indian Major Carp,Labeo rohita
Dabas, A., Nagpure, N. S., Mishra, R. M., Kushwaha, B., Kumar, R., & Kumar, P. (2013) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2012.702591 · Cited by 12
Toxicological evaluation of tannery industry waste water on Oreochromis mossambicus
Navaraj, S. (2012) · African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.5897/ajest12.015 · Cited by 12
“Furthermore, the alteration found in organs would assist in identifying its functional status (Fanta et al., 2003) and providing warning signs of damage (Pandey et al., 2008) to animal health.”
Background
Respiratory toxicity of cyanobacterial aphantoxins from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 in the zebrafish gill
Zhang, D. L., Liu, S. Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. K., Hu, C. X., & Liu, Y. D. (2016) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.014 · Cited by 12
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratios modulate immune response, physical barrier and related signaling molecules mRNA expression in the gills of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )
Zeng, Y.-Y., Feng, L., Jiang, W., Liu, Y., Wu, P., Jiang, J., Kuang, S., Tang, L. Y., Tang, W., Zhang, Y., et al. (2017) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.003 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of DNA damage induced by gamma radiation in gill and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio and their relative sensitivity
Praveen Kumar, M. K., Shyama, S. K., D’Costa, A., Kadam, S. B., Sonaye, B., & Chaubey, R. C. (2017) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.022 · Cited by 12
“The gill is considered to be the prime target for toxicants because of its large surface area and additionally its repair system is not as effective as that of other tissues (Pandey et al., 2008; Li et al., 2009; Oliveira et al., 2009; Li et al., 2010).”
Background
Water treatment with crushed marble or sodium silicate mitigates combined copper and aluminium toxicity for the early life stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Pessot, C. A., Åtland, Å., Liltved, H., Lobos, M. G., & Kristensen, T. (2014) · Aquacultural Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.04.001 · Cited by 11
Cd and Ni modulate fatty acid composition and oxidative status in the freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea
Fokina, N., Vasil’eva, O. B., Sukhovskaya, I., & Kurpe, S. (2020) · Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences · doi:10.1007/s13530-020-00013-1 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of the multiple biomarkers on identification of the vulnerable coastal pollution hotspots
Hariharan, G., Purvaja, R., Robin, R. S., & Ramesh, R. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7548-6 · Cited by 11
“…defense mechanism by modulating the activities of antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), metallothioneins (MT), and glutathione-related enzymes (Droge 2002; Valavanidis et al. 2006; Pandey et al. 2008; Lushchak 2011; Sevcikova et al. 2011; Branislav et al. 2013).”
Background
Hepatic expression of metal-related genes and gill histology in sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a metal contaminated estuary
Fu, D., Bridle, A. R., Leef, M., dos Santos, C. N., & Nowak, B. F. (2017) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.014 · Cited by 11
Effects of Paclobutrazol Exposure on Antioxidant Defense System in Sebastiscus marmoratus
Li, J., Sun, L., Zuo, Z., Chen, M., & Wang, C. (2012) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00128-012-0775-8 · Cited by 11
Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Gills of Tilapia Fish from Wadi Hanifah Stream, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sorour, J., Harbey, D. A., Nora, P., & Abdul, B. (2012) · Cited by 11
Early biochemical biomarkers for zinc in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after acute exposure
Leitemperger, J., de Menezes, C. C., Santi, A., Murussi, C., Lópes, T., Costa, M. D., Nogueira, L. S., & Loro, V. L. (2016) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-015-0192-0 · Cited by 11
Effects of Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris on Growth and Immune-Related Genes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix)
Labh, S. N. (2020) · SciMedicine Journal · doi:10.28991/scimedj-2020-0202-6 · Cited by 11
“, 2006) and know that the antioxidant defense system includes enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GPx act as ROS scavengers protecting cell membrane lipids from oxidative damage [64, 65].”
Background
The Implications of AMD Induced Acidity, High Metal Concentrations and Ochre Precipitation on Aquatic Organisms
Ngole-Jeme, V. M., & Ndava, J. (2023) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.15244/pjoes/161323 · Cited by 10
“The effect of a mixture of metals on the gills of C. punctata was studied by Pandey et al. [159] and they found significant negative biochemical and morphological effects on the gills.”
Background
Accumulation of Cadmium and Antioxidant and Hormonal Responses in the Indian Major Carp Cirrhinus mrigala During Acute and Sublethal Exposure
Malarvizhi, A., Saravanan, M., Poopal, R.-K., Hur, J.-H., & Ramesh, M. (2017) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3492-4 · Cited by 10
“Likewise, a significant increase of LPO was found in mullet,Mugil cephalus, and Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulates (Wofford and Thomas 1988), in spotted snakehead, Channa punctata (Pandey et al. 2008) and in Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to cadmium (Romeo et al. 2000).”
Background
Biomarkers assessment in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo exposed to cadmium
Naïja, A., Marchand, J., Kestemont, P., Haouas, Z., Blust, R., Chénais, B., & Helal, A. N. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6754-6 · Cited by 10
“This injury, leading to reduce the inter-lamellar space, would be considered as a resistance response of peacock blennies against Cd as hypothesized by Pandey et al. (2008) in spotted snakehead.”
Background

Authors: Pandey, S., Parvez, S., Ansari, R. A., Ali, M., Kaur, M., Hayat, F., Ahmad, F., & Raisuddin, S.
Affiliations: Jamia Hamdard (IN)
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Raisuddin, Sheikh
ORCID: Parvez, Suhel
Ali, Mehboob
Kaur, Manpreet
Raisuddin, Sheikh
Venue: Chemico-Biological Interactions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 174
Issue: 3
Pages: 183-192
ISSN: 0009-2797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.014
OpenAlex: W1990995931
Cited by: 281
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 8.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Chemico-Biological Interactions (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University Grants Commission
Ministry of Environment
All-India Institute of Medical Sciences
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Keywords: copper, cadmium, iron, nickel, Channa punctatus, gill histology, gill ultrastructure, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, chloride cells, pavement cells, metal toxicity, osmoregulation, gas exchange, biomarkers
MeSH terms: Animals, Copper, Epithelial Cells, Ferrous Compounds, Fresh Water, Gills, Glutathione, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Necrosis, Nickel, Oxidoreductases, Perciformes, Trace Elements, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Lipid Peroxidation, Toxicity Tests, Cadmium Chloride

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Effects of exposure to multiple trace metals on biochemical, histological and ultrastructural features of gills of a freshwater fish, Channa punctata Bloch

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