Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifactorial disease process caused by muscle hyperfunction or parafunction, traumatic injuries, hormonal influences, and articular changes. Symptoms of TMD include decreased mandibular range of motion, muscle and joint pain, joint crepitus, and functional limitation or deviation of jaw opening. Only after failure of noninvasive options should more invasive and nonreversible treatments be initiated. Treatment can be divided into noninvasive, minimally invasive, and invasive options. Temporomandibular joint replacement is reserved for severely damaged joints with end-stage disease that has failed all other more conservative treatment modalities.
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Current clinical guidelines for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders indicate the need for conservative therapy such as physiotherapy and manual therapy.
“Current clinical guidelines for the treatment of TMD clearly indicate the need for conservative therapy, such as physiotherapy and manual therapy [1,3,10].”
From The Application of Manual Techniques in Masticatory Muscles Relaxation as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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Reported concepts for the treatment modalities and pain management of temporomandibular disorders
Wieckiewicz, M., Boening, K., Wiland, P., Shiau, Y.-Y., & Paradowska-Stolarz, A. (2015) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0586-5 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Urbański, P., Trybulec, B., & Pihut, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412970 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Discussion Current clinical guidelines for the treatment of TMD clearly indicate the need for conservative therapy, such as physiotherapy and manual therapy [1,3,10].”
BackgroundNascimento, L. P. D., Taveira, K. V. M., Berretta, F., Stuginski-Barbosa, J., Souza, B. D. M. D., Andrade, D. C. A. D., Canto, G. D. L., & Porporatti, A. L. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Development · doi:10.34117/bjdv6n10-447 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liu, F., & Steinkeler, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Frederick
- Venue
- Dental Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 465-479
- ISSN
- 0011-8532 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972583065
- Cited by
- 461
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dental Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
- Keywords
- temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular joint, parafunction, traumatic injury, endocrine effects, mandibular range of motion, joint pain, non-invasive treatment, minimally invasive treatment, temporomandibular joint replacement, end-stage disease
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Analgesics, Arthroplasty, Arthroscopy, Joint Dislocations, Facial Pain, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, Joint Prosthesis, Muscle Relaxants, Central, Osteoarthritis, Periodontal Splints, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Range of Motion, Articular, Paracentesis, Physical Therapy Modalities
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