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Cited by 15Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsComplementary and Alternative Medicine StudiesMusic Therapy and Health

Effect of Pranayama on Anxiety and Pain among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chandrababu, Ramesh, Kurup, Sreelekha Bhaskara, Ravishankar, N., Ramesh, Jyothi·2019·Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
DOI 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.01.009
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Abstract

Background Major cardiac surgery could be physically and mentally stressful. Anxiety and pain are commonly experienced by patients while undergoing cardiac surgery. Yoga is recognized as the most beneficial complementary and alternative therapy. Objective To assess the effect of alternate nostril breathing exercises (pranayama) on anxiety and pain among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A non-randomized controlled trial was adopted as study design and involved 48 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The experimental group (n = 24) received pranayama study intervention while the control group (n = 24) received routine care of the hospital. Outcomes were state anxiety and pain, measured with the state anxiety inventory and a visual analogue scale respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the effect of the intervention. Results Study results showed that patients in the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in anxiety (p < 0.05) than the control group. There was a decrease in pain scores but was not statistically significant across different time point measurements at p < 0.05 between the groups. Conclusion These findings support the use of pranayama for decreasing anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, there is a need for randomized controlled trials with higher sample size to confirm this results. Future trials also should focus on the estimation of relevant biomarkers such as endorphins to understand the scientific rationale.

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  • Of four effective ANB/UNB interventions in novice practitioners, all included human-guided training for a minimum of four sessions [69,77,88,100].

    “Of our four effective ANB/UNB interventions carried out in novice practitioners, all included human-guided training for a minimum of four sessions [69,77,88,100].”

    From Breathing Practices for Stress and Anxiety Reduction: Conceptual Framework of Implementation Guidelines Based on a Systematic Review of the Published Literature (2023) · cites this paper as [88]

    The Intervention and Data collection sections (3.4–3.5; page unavailable) describe a preoperative teaching and return-demonstration encounter followed by investigator-guided breathing on three postoperative days. The Results section (4; page unavailable) reports reduced anxiety. The paper does not identify participants as novice practitioners, and it describes only three postoperative intervention sessions; counting the teaching encounter as a fourth guided training session is an inference. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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References 24 · Cited by 15

Research works printed but not linked: 19

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Authors
Chandrababu, R., Kurup, S. B., Ravishankar, N., & Ramesh, J.
Affiliations
Manipal Academy of Higher Education (IN)
Corresponding author
  • Chandrababu, Ramesh
  • Ravishankar, N.
  • Ramesh, Jyothi
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-12
Volume
7
Issue
4
Pages
606-610
ISSN
2213-3984 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cegh.2019.01.009
OpenAlex
W2913122593
Cited by
15
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
Keywords
pranayama, alternate nostril breathing, cardiac surgery, postoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, complementary and alternative medicine, yoga, state anxiety, pain management

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