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Cited by 803Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

Functional and Mechanistic Diversity of Distal Transcription Enhancers

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Bulger, Michael, Groudine, Mark·2011·Cell
DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.024PMC PMC3742076
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Abstract

Biological differences among metazoans and between cell types in a given organism arise in large part due to differences in gene expression patterns. Gene-distal enhancers are key contributors to these expression patterns, exhibiting both sequence diversity and cell type specificity. Studies of long-range interactions indicate that enhancers are often important determinants of nuclear organization, contributing to a general model for enhancer function that involves direct enhancer-promoter contact. However, mechanisms for enhancer function are emerging that do not fit solely within such a model, suggesting that enhancers as a class of DNA regulatory element may be functionally and mechanistically diverse.

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References 128 · Cited by 803

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Authors
Bulger, M., & Groudine, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Bulger, Michael
ORCID
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-02
Volume
144
Issue
3
Pages
327-339
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.024
PMC
PMC3742076
OpenAlex
W2036619779
Cited by
803
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 57
FWCI
6.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2011-03-04)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL065440)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK044746, R01DK070687)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
distal enhancers, gene expression regulation, enhancer-promoter interactions, long-range chromatin interactions, nuclear organization, cell type specificity, animal evolution, DNA regulatory elements
MeSH terms
Animals, Chromatin, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic

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