The frail renin–angiotensin system
Open accessAbstract
Over the last few decades, the understanding of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has advanced dramatically. RAS is now thought to play a crucial role in physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms in almost every organ system and is a key regulator of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal function. Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species and governs onset and progression of vascular senescence, which are all associated with functional and structural changes, contributing to age-related diseases. Although the vast majority of the actions of Ang II, including vascular senescence, are mediated by the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), the identification, characterization, and cloning of the angiotensin type 2 receptor has focused attention on this receptor and to its antagonistic effect on the detrimental effects of AT1R. This review provides an overview of the changes in RAS with aging and age-disease interactions culminating in the development of frailty.
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Frailty has additionally been linked to reduced reserve in respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, blood and clotting systems, with nutrition possibly acting as a mediator.
“it is important to recognise that frailty has also been associated with loss of physiological reserve in the respiratory (15), cardiovascular (16), renal (17) and haemopoietic and clotting systems (18, 19) and that nutritional status can also be a mediating factor (3, 20-22).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
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References 119 · Cited by 70
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [53]Chung HY Cheng KQ Chung GJ Molecular inflammation in aging process Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2004 41 4 357 364 [in Japanese]. 15387272
- Authors
- Abadir, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Abadir, Peter M.
- ORCID
- Abadir, Peter M.
- Venue
- Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-65
- ISSN
- 0749-0690 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3764613
- OpenAlex
- W2065413005
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Clinics in Geriatric Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG035005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
- Keywords
- renin-angiotensin system, frailty, aging, angiotensin II, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, vascular aging, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, age-related diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal function
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Angiotensin II, Humans, Hypertension, Inflammation, Receptors, Angiotensin, Renin-Angiotensin System, Frail Elderly, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Disease Progression
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