Comparative evaluation of the reliability and validity of three data extraction programs: UnGraph, GraphClick, and DigitizeIt
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Where numerical data were not provided, data were extracted from figures using Graph digitizer software, which has been proven reliable.
“Where numerical data were not provided in a publication, data were extracted from the figures ( > 60% publications) using the Graph digi tizer software (Digitizelt, version 2.5, https://www.digitizeit.de). This software has been used widely in meta-analysis studies (Rasheduzzaman et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2017), and proven to be reliable in extracting data from figures with high level of con”
From A meta-analysis of environmental responses to freshwater ecosystem restoration in China (1987–2018) (2023) · cites this paper as Rakap et al., 2016
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Islam, R. M., Bell, R. J., Green, S., Page, M. J., & Davis, S. R. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30189-5 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
de Oliveira, L. F., Dolan, E., Swinton, P. A., Durkalec-Michalski, K., Artioli, G. G., McNaughton, L. R., & Saunders, B. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01575-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of environmental responses to freshwater ecosystem restoration in China (1987–2018)
Fu, H., Xu, J., Zhang, H., García Molinos, J., Zhang, M., Klaar, M., & Brown, L. E. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120589 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rakap, S., Rakap, S., Evran, D., & Cig, O.
- Affiliations
- Ondokuz Mayıs University (TR)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rakap, Salih
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 55
- Pages
- 159-166
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2469790058
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Special Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences (R324A070008)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Data Visualization and Analytics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- evidence-based practice, reliability statistics, validity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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