Discovery of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at a fire fighting training ground and preliminary investigation of their fate and mobility
Abstract
Aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) have been released at fire training facilities for several decades resulting in the contamination of soil and groundwater by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). AFFF compositions are proprietary and may contain a broad range of PFASs for which the chemical structures and degradation products are not known. In this study, high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) in combination with data processing using filtering strategies was applied to characterize and elucidate the PFASs present in concrete extracts collected at a fire training ground after the historical use of various AFFF formulations. Twelve different fluorochemical classes, representing more than 60 chemicals, were detected and identified in the concrete extracts. Novel PFASs homologues, unmonitored before in environmental samples such as chlorinated PFSAs, ketone PFSAs, dichlorinated PFSAs and perfluoroalkane sulphonamides (FASAs) were detected in soil samples collected in the vicinity of the fire training ground. Their detection in the soil cores (from 0 to 2 m) give an insight on the potential mobility of these newly identified PFASs.
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Similar depth-distribution behavior has been reported in prior field studies.
“Similar behavior has been reported in prior field studies (Washington et al., 2010; Sepulvado et al., 2011; Baduel et al., 2017; Casson & Chiang, 2018; Dauchy et al., 2019).”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Baduel et al., 2017
Recent research has indicated the presence in the environment of numerous other PFAS comprising different molecular structures.
“Recent research has indicated the presence in the environment of numerous other PFAS comprising different molecular structures (e.g., Baduel et al., 2017; Xiao, 2017; Xiao et al., 2017).”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Baduel et al., 2017
Baduel et al. (2017) reported that maximum concentrations of the majority of longer-chain PFAS were in the top 1 meter, while most maximum concentrations of shorter-chain PFAS were at a depth of 2 meters or greater for their study site.
“Baduel et al. (2017) reported that the maximum concentrations of the majority of longer-chain PFAS were in the top 1 meter, while most of the maximum concentrations of shorter-chain PFAS were at a depth of 2 meters or greater for their study site.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Baduel et al. (2017)
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References 39 · Cited by 192
- Authors
- Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F., Rotander, A., Corfield, J., & Gomez-Ramos, M.-J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Baduel, Christine
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 185
- Pages
- 1030-1038
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2692923885
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (140100129)
- ARC Future Fellowship (120100546)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, aqueous film-forming foam, soil contamination, groundwater contamination
- MeSH terms
- Chromatography, Liquid, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Flame Retardants, Fluorocarbons, Soil, Water, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Halogenation, Firefighters
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