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Cited by 72Heavy metals in environmentAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsAir Quality and Health Impacts

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Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean

Galindo, N., Yubero, E., Nicolás, J.F., Varea, M., Crespo, J.·2018·Chemosphere
DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162
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Abstract

PM 1 and PM 10 samples collected in the urban center of Elche during two years were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence in order to determine the concentrations of the following metals: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba. The influence of traffic and Saharan dust intrusions on PM levels and metal content was studied in this work. The results indicate that the coarse fraction was affected more by variations in traffic intensity than the submicron fraction. The concentrations of Ca, commonly used as a tracer of road dust, showed the highest decreases during the weekends due to the reduction in traffic-induced resuspension. In contrast, Saharan events had a greater impact on the levels of other metals such as Ti and Fe, significantly affecting their seasonal variability. High concentrations of V and Ni compared with the values found at larger urban areas were observed. This could be attributed to a significant contribution from soils, Saharan dust and even ship emissions. Enrichment factors calculated using Ti as a reference element indicate that Zn and Cu are predominantly emitted by anthropogenic activities. In fact, Saharan dust intrusions had a minor influence on the average concentrations of these metals. Non-carcinogenic health hazards associated with exposure to airborne metals were lower than the safety threshold (hazard quotient < 1). Carcinogenic risks for Cr (VI) and Ni were between 10-6 and 10-4 and, therefore, within the range considered acceptable by the US EPA.

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Metadata

Authors
Galindo, N., Yubero, E., Nicolás, J. F., Varea, M., & Crespo, J.
Affiliations
Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx (ES)
Corresponding author
Galindo, N.
ORCID
Venue
Chemosphere
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-06
Volume
201
Pages
243-250
ISSN
0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162
OpenAlex
W2791047489
Cited by
72
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3
FWCI
2.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Plan of the Spanish Government (CGL2012-39623-C02-2)
  • PRISMA
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Keywords
PM1, PM10, urban particulate matter, trace metals, vehicle emissions, Saharan dust, Elche, enrichment factor, health risk assessment, cancer risk, non-carcinogenic risk, seasonal variation, road dust, ship emissions
MeSH terms
Air Pollutants, Dust, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Metals, Urban Renewal, Risk Assessment, Mediterranean Region, Particulate Matter

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Galindo, N., Yubero, E., Nicolás, J. F., Varea, M., & Crespo, J. (2018). Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162