Cited by 887Sepsis Diagnosis and TreatmentVitamin C and Antioxidants ResearchHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 95 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Open access

Marik, Paul E., Khangoora, Vikramjit, Rivera, Racquel, Hooper, Michael H., Catravas, John·2017·Chest

DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.036

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background The global burden of sepsis is estimated as 15 to 19 million cases annually, with a mortality rate approaching 60% in low-income countries.Methods In this retrospective before-after clinical study, we compared the outcome and clinical course of consecutive septic patients treated with intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine during a 7-month period (treatment group) with a control group treated in our ICU during the preceding 7 months. The primary outcome was hospital survival. A propensity score was generated to adjust the primary outcome.Results There were 47 patients in both treatment and control groups, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The hospital mortality was 8.5% (4 of 47) in the treatment group compared with 40.4% (19 of 47) in the control group (P < .001). The propensity adjusted odds of mortality in the patients treated with the vitamin C protocol was 0.13 (95% CI, 0.04-0.48; P = .002). The Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment score decreased in all patients in the treatment group, with none developing progressive organ failure. All patients in the treatment group were weaned off vasopressors, a mean of 18.3 ± 9.8 h after starting treatment with the vitamin C protocol. The mean duration of vasopressor use was 54.9 ± 28.4 h in the control group (P < .001).Conclusions Our results suggest that the early use of intravenous vitamin C, together with corticosteroids and thiamine, are effective in preventing progressive organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury, and in reducing the mortality of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Additional studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.036

Cites

95 of 95 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

APACHE II
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 · Cited by 15,518
APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198608000-00028 · Cited by 13,379
Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis
Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317
Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005043421801 · Cited by 12,941
The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure: On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (see contributors to the project in the appendix)
Vincent, J. L., Moreno, R., Takala, J., Willatts, S., De Mendonça, A., Bruining, H., Reinhart, C. K., Suter, P. M., & Thijs, L. G. (1996) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01709751 · Cited by 11,674
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference
(1992) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199206000-00025 · Cited by 5,134
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Barr, J., Fraser, G. L., Puntillo, K., Ely, E. W., Gélinas, C., Dasta, J. F., Davidson, J. E., Devlin, J. W., Kress, J. P., Joffe, A. M., et al. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182783b72 · Cited by 3,896
Serial Evaluation of the SOFA Score to Predict Outcome in Critically Ill Patients
Ferreira, F. L. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.14.1754 · Cited by 2,862
Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1)
Kellum, J. A., Lameire, N., & for the KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group (2013) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11454 · Cited by 2,827
Hydrocortisone Therapy for Patients with Septic Shock
Sprung, C. L., Annane, D., Keh, D., Moreno, R. P., Singer, M., Freivogel, K., Weiss, Y., Benbenishty, J. S., Kalenka, A., Forst, H., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa071366 · Cited by 2,162

Show all 95 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

de Grooth, 2016, Pharmacokinetics of four high-dose regime[n]s of intravenous vitamin C in critically ill patients, Intensive Care Med Exp, 4, A52
Zabet, 2016, Effect of high-dose ascorbic acid on vasopressor requirement in septic shock, J Res Pharm Pract, 5, 94
Marik, 2008, Selection bias negates conclusions from the CORTICUS study?, N Engl J Med, 358, 2069
Barabutis N, Khangoora V, Marik PE, et al. Hydrocortisone and ascorbic acid synergistically protect against LPS-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction. Chest. In press.

Sorted by citations

Items 801–881 of 881

The Relationship Between Natural Medicine Use and Recovery Time in Early Adult COVID-19 Patients
Edward, N. C., & Meiyanti, M. (2023) · Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani · doi:10.55927/mudima.v3i9.3749
Editorial: Intermittent feeding in critically ill patients
Deana, C., Vecchiarelli, P., Picetti, E., & Molfino, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1295405
Traditional Therapies Involving Nutrition for the Management of COVID-19
Ramesh, M., Muthuraman, A., & Anand, K. (2023) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/0126667975250575231018111950
Effect of vitamin C, thiamine and hydrocortisone in critically ill septic patients. The Metabolic Resus RCT
Londoño, J. G., Ching, C. V., Cernuda, P. S., Morales-Pedrosa, J. M., Lorencio, C., & Sirvent, J.-M. (2023) · Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medine.2023.11.002
Principles and Management of Sepsis
Edel, A., Fuest, K. E., & Karlis, G. (2023) · Lessons from the ICU · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36398-6_1
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Kidneys
Kayis, C. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.111913
Ascorbic acid deficiency amongst spondylodiscitis patients
Solis, W. G., Taylor, M. A., Brooks, M., Shaw, R., Gelder, E. M. V., & van Gelder, J. (2024) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/ans.18845
Impact of thiamine supplementation on mortality in septic shock: a retrospective before-after studyPreprint
Ribeiro, B. L., do Nascimento, C. M., Carvalho, I. M., Gama, H. L. J., Oliveira, V. G. A., Cruz, M. D. D. L., de Azevedo, J. R. A., & silva, L. C. M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3860455/v1
Corticoides y resucitación metabólica (hidrocortisona, ácido ascórbico y tiamina) en la sepsis y el shock séptico
Montero, V. R., Ribes, C. M., Montell, M. P., & Zaragoza, R. (2022) · Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medine.2022.03.008
Estrategia integral de reanimación del paciente con sepsis y shock séptico
del Río-Carbajo, L., Olmo, J. N.-D., Fernández‐Ugidos, P., & Vidal, P. (2022) · Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medine.2022.02.025
Çocuk Yoğun Bakımı
Bayraktar, S., Karaböcüoğlu, M., Nayır, A., Yıldırı, Z. Y., Karapınar, B., Yazıcı, P., Ağın, H., Ceylan, G., Çıtak, A., Göncü, S., et al. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.1564
Application of Data Mining in Pharmaceutical Research
Pan, Z., Zhao, L., Jia, D., Lyu, J., & Cao, S. (2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4587-4
Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Sepsis Associated with Acute Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: The NASTI-HAT Case Series
Gilmour, M., Presnell, E. N., Fischer, S., Reyes, J., & Resch, T. (2024) · Private Practice Infectious Disease · doi:10.55636/ppid4020003
Sepsis Up-to-date
Tamura, T., & Sasaki, J. (2023) · Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.2169/naika.112.857
Ascorbic acid and thiamine as adjunctive therapy for ovine pneumonia
Massoudi, A., Jalilzadeh‐Amin, G., Dalir‐Naghadeh, B., & Asri‐Rezaei, S. (2024) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107293
Pharmacologic Interventions to Immunologic and Immune-Mediated Conditions in Horses
Hart, K. A., & Kimura, S. (2024) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.007
Inotropika und Vasopressoren
Rex, S., & Erber, K. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68699-7_40
INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN C ON ETOMIDATE-INDUCED ADRENAL SUPPRESSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Sobrinho, I. T., & Silva, R. R. D. S. (2024) · International Journal of Health Science · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1594732405084
Author Response: Appropriately Designed Studies are Needed before Thiamine and Vitamin C Plus Hydrocortisone are Judged Nonbeneficial in Septic Shock
Shrestha, G. S., & Paneru, H. R. (2025) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24902
Early administration of hydrocortisone vitamin C and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Jaiswal, S., Singh, R., Giri, R., Gautam, S. K., & Singh, M. (2025) · International Journal of Advances in Medicine · doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20250371
Effect of Thiamine Supplementation on Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsPreprint
Zhao, C., Du, Q., Sun, C., Du, S., Zhang, X., & Zu, G. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6639223/v1
Administration of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in healthy dogs transiently leads to a false increase in portable blood glucose monitor and interstitial glucose monitor readings
Lum, J., Rincon, A. A., Thomovsky, E. J., Johnson, P. A., Brooks, A. C., & Weng, H. (2025) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.25.03.0081
Inflammation Contributes to Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy by Oxidation of Multiple Clotting FactorsPreprint
Han, C. Y., John, A. E. S., Kim, J. H., Wang, X., Ringgold, K. M., Neidig, L. E., BERENSON, R. J., Stern, S. A., & White, N. J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5364056
Survey results of anesthesiologists–intensivists on the nutritional support practice
Strukov, E. Y., Луфт, В. М., Leyderman, I. N., & Murzin, D. A. (2025) · Clinical nutrition and metabolism · doi:10.17816/clinutr681982
Effects of different vitamins on individuals with septic shock: a Bayesian NMA of RCTs
Tian, J., Long, L., Li, D., Liang, Y., Sun, G., Song, W., Yue, X., Shen, L., Zhao, H., & Ren, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1566422
Serum vitamin levels in critically ill patients and their relationship with prognosis
Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, A., Garnacho‐Montero, J., González-García, M. A., Fernández‐Castillo, R., González-Caro, M. D., Velilla, T. A., Algarín, G. S., Tami, M., & Sánchez‐Margalet, V. (2025) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.05363
A review of safe and effective pharmacotherapies for Pediatric and neonatal septic shock
Chandrasekhar, M., & Nadel, S. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2025.2571144
Mind the Gap: A Call for Collaborative Action in Donor Intervention Research
Slessarev, M., & Harvey, D. (2025) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000006925
[Translated article] Sepsis and septic shock
Bastida, C., Lugea, A. E., Fernández-Polo, A., Moreno, F. B., Cerezuela, M. M., Chiva, E. D., García, T. B., García, M. Á. A., González, I., Albanell‐Fernández, M., et al. (2025) · Farmacia Hospitalaria · doi:10.1016/j.farma.2025.10.005 · Cited by 1
Immunonutrition and Pharmaconutrition
Hill, A., & Stoppe, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00818-3_8
Sepsis
Tan, B., & Weigand, M. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00818-3_18
Use of Ascorbic Acid in Postreperfusion Syndrome During Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Case Report
Chan, K., Ali, S., & Bashir, A. H. (2025) · A&A Practice · doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000002127
Additional file 1 of Mortality in septic patients treated with vitamin C: a systematic meta-analysis
Scholz, S. S., Borgstedt, R., Ebeling, N., Menzel, L. C., Jansen, G., & Rehberg, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13535783
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of thiamine as adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two-center propensity score matched study
Sulaiman, K. A. A., Juhani, O. A., Dossari, M. A., Alshahrani, A., Alharbi, A., Algarni, R., Al Jeraisy, M., Alharbi, S., Katheri, A. A., Al-Eidan, F. A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14889460
Additional file 1 of Mega-dose sodium ascorbate: a pilot, single-dose, physiological effect, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Yanase, F., Spano, S., Maeda, A., Chaba, A., Naorungroj, T., Ow, C. P. C., Lankadeva, Y. R., May, C. N., Betrie, A. H., Lane, D. J. R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26620210
Additional file 1 of Intravenous vitamin C administration to patients with septic shock: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Rosengrave, P., Spencer, E. S., Williman, J., Mehrtens, J. E., Morgan, S., Doyle, T., Heyden, K. V. D., Morris, A., Shaw, G. M., & Carr, A. C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19029579
Additional file 1 of The higher the better? Defining the optimal beta-lactam target for critically ill patients to reach infection resolution and improve outcome
Scharf, C., Liebchen, U., Paal, M., Taubert, M., Vogeser, M., Irlbeck, M., Zoller, M., & Schroeder, I. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279203
Additional file 1 of Vitamin C alleviates LPS-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via the ROS-AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Zhang, P., Zang, M., Sang, Z., Wei, Y., Yan, Y., Bian, X., & Dong, S. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22600325
Additional file 1 of Early high-dose vitamin C in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (VITaCCA): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial
Rozemeijer, S., de Grooth, H., Elbers, P., Girbes, A. R. J., den Uil, C. A., Dubois, E. A., Wils, E.-J., Rettig, T. C. D., van Zanten, A. R. H., Vink, R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15253638
Additional file 1 of Vitamin C for ≥ 5 days is associated with decreased hospital mortality in sepsis subgroups: a nationwide cohort study
Jung, S.-Y., Lee, M.-T., Baek, M. S., & Kim, W.-Y. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17870328
Additional file 2 of Early high-dose vitamin C in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (VITaCCA): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial
Rozemeijer, S., de Grooth, H., Elbers, P., Girbes, A. R. J., den Uil, C. A., Dubois, E. A., Wils, E.-J., Rettig, T. C. D., van Zanten, A. R. H., Vink, R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15253641
Additional file 3 of Rapid screening of critically ill patients for low plasma vitamin C concentrations using a point-of-care oxidation–reduction potential measurement
Rozemeijer, S., Smit, B., Elbers, P., Girbes, A. R. J., Straaten, H. M. O., & de Man, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15132736
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of thiamine as adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two-center propensity score matched study
Sulaiman, K. A. A., Juhani, O. A., Dossari, M. A., Alshahrani, A., Alharbi, A., Algarni, R., Al Jeraisy, M., Alharbi, S., Katheri, A. A., Al-Eidan, F. A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14889463
Additional file 1 of Early administration of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Lyu, Q., Zheng, R.-Q., Chen, Q.-H., Yu, J.-Q., Shao, J., & Gu, X.-H. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21228808
Additional file 1 of Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine (HAT) for sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis with sequential trial analysis
Na, W., Shen, H., Li, Y., & Qu, D. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17284352
Additional file 2 of Rapid screening of critically ill patients for low plasma vitamin C concentrations using a point-of-care oxidation–reduction potential measurement
Rozemeijer, S., Smit, B., Elbers, P., Girbes, A. R. J., Straaten, H. M. O., & de Man, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15132730
Additional file 2 of Vitamin C for ≥ 5 days is associated with decreased hospital mortality in sepsis subgroups: a nationwide cohort study
Jung, S.-Y., Lee, M.-T., Baek, M. S., & Kim, W.-Y. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17870331
Additional file 3 of Vitamin C for ≥ 5 days is associated with decreased hospital mortality in sepsis subgroups: a nationwide cohort study
Jung, S.-Y., Lee, M.-T., Baek, M. S., & Kim, W.-Y. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17870334
Additional file 1 of Vitamin B12 status and the risk of developing sepsis in patients with bacterial infection: a prospective observational cohort study
Pregernig, A., Held, U., Schläpfer, M., & Beck‐Schimmer, B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26549301
Additional file 1 of The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Liang, B., Su, J., Shao, H., Chen, H., & Xie, B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26574941
Vitamin C is associated with improved outcomes in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury: insights from the MIMIC-IV database
Gong, R., Huang, Z., Zhao, J., Tang, M., Mu, F., Sun, K., Cui, C., Yan, Z., & Wang, J. (2025) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12377-1
Sepsis in the era of precision medicine
Gogia, A. (2025) · Current Medicine Research and Practice · doi:10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_159_25
Rapid Adoption and Deadoption: What IV Vitamin C Utilization Reveals About Evidence Translation in Modern Critical Care
Oropello, J. M. (2026) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000007046
The Long Plateau of Cardiac Arrest
Pescatore, R. M. (2026) · Emergency Medicine News · doi:10.1097/01.eem.0000000000000170
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections (NSTI)
Sakaray, Y. R., & Singh, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5029-6_19
Thiamine supplementation is associated with lower in-hospital and ICU mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Yin, M., Jing, X., He, Q., & Li, M. (2026) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-026-04243-w
Comparison of the effectiveness of thiamine in combination with Vitamin C and its combination with glutamine on survival outcome in intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial
Kumari, M., Kumar, A., Dhiraj, S., Singh, S., Choudhary, A., & Hussain, M. (2026) · Journal of Indira Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jigims.jigims_61_25
Current issues in the prevention and management of oxidative stress in acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury
Popov, S. V., Guseinov, R. G., Сивак, К. В., Lelyavina, Т. А., Beshtoev, A. H., Malyshev, E. A., Grushevskiy, R. O., & Akkuzyev, D. S. (2026) · Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs · doi:10.15825/1995-1191-2026-1-181-196
Development of nanomedicines for inflammation disorders : evaluation of pharmacological efficacy on preclinical models
Dormont, F. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d0133d67z1ec8z4a87zba49zc949501ef169 · Cited by 1
Etude de l 'expression du stress du reticulum endoplasmique au cours de l'inflammation systémique aigue chez l'homme
Clavier, T. (2020) · doi:10.70675/744f6a82z81e1z4f4fza70ezeb59cc3ba334
Association of baseline serum vitamin C levels with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in critically ill patients ‒ An observational study
Zhou, F., Li, D., Liu, C., Li, Q., Hu, J., & Lu, Y. (2026) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.06272
Thiamine and vitamin C supplementation in lactic acidosis: A propensity-matched analysis of clinical outcomes
Amir, A., Minhas, M., Beyene, E., Ononenyi, C., Deverapalli, M., & Michael, M. B. (2026) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2026.03.007
Micronutrient trials in critical illness – new evidence since 2023
Blaauw, R., & Berger, M. M. (2026) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000001396
Sepsis-Dose Hydroxocobalamin as Rescue Therapy for Catecholamine-Resistant Pediatric Septic Shock: A Case Report and Literature Review
Saeed, A., Azari, M., Mehrian, S. R. A., Meftah, E., & Amanati, A. (2026) · Medical Reports · doi:10.1016/j.hmedic.2026.100469
Recent perioperative challenges in anesthesia during expansion of heart transplantation
Wang, A., Hussain, N., Mudhar, A., Robbins, J., Friessen, J., Hicks, A., Satyapriya, S. V., Whitson, B., Bhandary, S. P., Khorsandi, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-026-04365-6
A Combination of Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid, and Thiamine for Septic Shock: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Mortality Outcomes
Farhati, V., Hunter, J., Sattwika, P. D., & Rozi, M. F. (2026) · Bali Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4103/bjoa.bjoa_298_25
Nutritional Assessment of the Critically Injured Patient
Dawson-Gore, C. C., & Roberts, M. (2026) · Current Trauma Reports · doi:10.1007/s40719-026-00310-z
HAT regimen attenuates NF-κb-driven megakaryocyte apoptosis and neuronal cell death in sepsis: convergent mechanisms protecting thrombocytopenia and cognitive function
Hui, Z., Shen, N., Zhang, H., Yu, M., Li, Z., Ping, J., & Fu, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1880883
High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C in Critical Illness: A Translational Exposure–Response Framework for Biomarker-Guided Precision Therapy
Bajić, D., Andrijević, L., Todorović, N., Lalic-Popovic, M. N., Zarić, B., Dimić, S., Maletić, J. S., Lendak, D. F., Milijašević, B., & Milosevic, N. P. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14030400
The central role of mitochondrial pathology in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation
Xu, L., Zhang, J., Tong, H., & Teng, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1856434
Vitamin C deficiency and its effect as adjuvant therapy in sepsis patients
Abdelhady, E., Shawky, M. A., Nour, M. K., & Faris, F. (2026) · The Egyptian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44349-026-00059-z
Intravenous vitamin C as micronutrient therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Cai, B., Xiao, Q., Xia, Y., Yu, X., Xian, X., Liu, L., Dai, Y., & He, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1905726
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Critically Ill Foals and Horses
Dembek, K. A. (2026) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.003
From metabolic resuscitation to phenotype-oriented therapy: the current role of HAT therapy in sepsis and septic shock
Chooklin, S., & Chuklin, S. S. (2026) · EMERGENCY MEDICINE · doi:10.22141/2224-0586.22.6.2026.2067
Flaws in the meta-analysis on mortality in septic patients treated with vitamin C by Scholz et al. (2021)
Hemilä, H. (2021) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20307156
Misleading editorial on vitamin C in JAMA by Kalil (2020)
Hemilä, H. (2020) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20306020
Misleading findings in Dresen's review (2023) on vitamin C for critical illness
Hemilä, H. (2023) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19861833
Biased editorial on vitamin C in JAMA by Brant and Angus (2019)
Hemilä, H. (2020) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20157034
Misleading meta-analysis on vitamin C for sepsis patients by Li (2018)
Hemilä, H. (2019) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20305849
Misleading meta-analysis on vitamin C and critically ill patients by Langlois (2019)
Hemilä, H. (2019) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19855542
Statistical problems in a meta-analysis on vitamin C and critically ill patients by Putzu (2019)
Hemilä, H. (2019) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19856112

Authors: Marik, P. E., Khangoora, V., Rivera, R., Hooper, M. H., & Catravas, J.
Affiliations: Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Marik, Paul E.
ORCID: Marik, Paul E.
Catravas, John
Venue: Chest
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-06
Volume: 151
Issue: 6
Pages: 1229-1238
ISSN: 0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.036
OpenAlex: W2560240742
Semantic Scholar: 1d6972ac35fc0d34a615e58cb9faf40d7e6f28cd
Cited by: 887
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 45
FWCI: 74.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: addendum (2023-07-01)
Open access: green
digitalcommons.odu.edu
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Keywords: severe sepsis, septic shock, cortisol, intravenous vitamin C, thiamine, corticosteroids, in-hospital mortality, organ dysfunction, acute kidney injury, vasopressor weaning, sepsis-related organ failure assessment
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Shock, Septic, Thiamine, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Vitamin B Complex, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Sepsis, Acute Kidney Injury, Administration, Intravenous, Controlled Before-After Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks