Determination of chlorophenols in water samples using simultaneous dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and derivatization followed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection
Abstract
Simultaneous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and derivatization combined with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) was used to determine chlorophenols (CPs) in water sample. In this derivatization/extraction method, 500 microL acetone (disperser solvent) containing 10.0 microL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 50 microL acetic anhydride (derivatization reagent) was rapidly injected by syringe in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing CPs (analytes) and K(2)CO(3) (0.5%, w/v). Within a few seconds the analytes derivatized and extracted at the same time. After centrifugation, 0.50 microL of sedimented phase containing enriched analytes was determined by GC-ECD. Some effective parameters on derivatization and extraction, such as extraction and disperser solvent type and their volume, amount of derivatization reagent, derivatization and extraction time, salt addition and amount of K(2)CO(3) were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors and recoveries are in the range of 287-906 and 28.7-90.6%, respectively. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.02-400 microg L(-1) and limit of detections (LODs) are in the range of 0.010-2.0 microg L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, for 200 microg L(-1) of MCPs, 100 microg L(-1) of DCPs, 4.00 microg L(-1) of TCPs, 2.00 microg L(-1) of TeCPs and PCP in water) with and without using internal standard are in the range of 0.6-4.7% (n=7) and 1.7-7.1% (n=7), respe…
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Several other works also simultaneously combined a derivatization reaction with DLLME.
“Apart from this work, several others also simultaneously combined a derivatization reaction with DLLME [35,79,83,88,89,99,100].”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [79]
In work [79], simultaneous extraction and derivatization by acetylation of the chlorophenols took place.
“One of the most interesting features of this last work [79] is that simultaneous extraction and derivatization by acetylation of the chlorophenols took place”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [79]
The combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD in Fattahi et al. [57] provided better LODs than other methods proposed in the literature (using SPE-GC-ECD, SPME-GC-MS and LPME-GC-MS), including another similar work by the same authors in which only DLLME was applied to extract the same group of chlorophenols from waters [79].
“This combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD provided enrichment factors of 4390-17870 and better LODs than other methods proposed in the literature (using SPE-GC-ECD, SPME-GC-MS and LPME-GC-MS), including another similar work developed by the same authors in which only DLLME was applied to extract the same group of chlorophenols from waters [79].”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [79]
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References 37 · Cited by 366
- Authors
- Fattahi, N., Assadi, Y., Hosseini, M. R. M., & Jahromi, E. Z.
- Affiliations
- Iran University of Science and Technology (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Assadi, Yaghoub
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 1157
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 23-29
- ISSN
- 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967590475
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 38.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- chlorophenols, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, derivatization, acetic anhydride derivatization, gas chromatography with electron capture detection, water analysis, river water, tap water, well water, polychlorinated phenols, trichlorophenol, dichlorophenols
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophenols, Chromatography, Gas, Indicators and Reagents, Reference Standards, Water, Reproducibility of Results
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