The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by probiotic mixture is mediated by a shift in T helper cell immune response
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of probiotics has been shown mainly in gastro-intestinal immune disorders and little information is available on the inflammation of central nervous system. Recently we reported that IRT5 probiotics, a mixture of 5 probiotics, could suppress diverse experimental inflammatory disorders. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of IRT5 probiotics in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Pretreatment of IRT5 probiotics before disease induction significantly suppressed EAE development. In addition, treatment with IRT5 probiotics to the ongoing EAE delayed the disease onset. Administration of IRT5 probiotics inhibited the pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 polarization, while inducing IL10(+) producing or/and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, both in the peripheral immune system and at the site of inflammation. Collectively, our data suggest that IRT5 probiotics could be applicable to modulate T cell mediated neuronal autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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“Animal studies suggest that probiotics can modulate endogenous neuroactive molecules [17], prevent and treat neuronal autoimmune diseases [18], and ameliorate impaired spatial memory in diabetic rats [19].”
From Effect of Supplementation with Probiotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The supplementation of a cocktail of five probiotics (IRT5) before or after the EAE onset in rodents is associated with the delay of the disease onset or suppression of the disease progression, respectively (154).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“The amelioration of the disease upon probiotic treatment was associated with a higher abundance of Treg cells, higher production of IL-10 by CD4+ T cells, B cells, and CD11c+ cells, together with the suppression of the pro-inflammatory Th-1/Th-17 response (154).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [154]
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T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
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1 of the 48 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ochoa-Reparaz, 2009, Role of gut commensal microflora in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, J. Immunol., 183, 6041, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900747 · DOI · Paper page
- Smits, 2005, Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10-producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 115, 1260, 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.036 · DOI
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Salami, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00040-1
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Possible anti-inflammatory role of Probiotics in the treatment of Covid-19 disease
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Advent of Pharmabiotics as a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Human Health and Diseases Management
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“Since antigens associated with luminal bacteria are picked up and delivered to intestinal DCs to trigger T cell response, these microbiotas could be attributed to the [26–30].”
BackgroundChaudhary, R., Singh, A., Gupta, A., Kumar, A., & Agarwal, V. (2026) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2026.102210
Chasov, V. V., Mukhametshin, S. A., Valiullina, A., Skibo, Y. V., Zhumabekova, M., Zharlyganova, D., Keyer, V. V., Kydyrbayeva, A., Shustov, A. V., & Bulatov, E. (2026) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb48090958
“It is thought that an elevated level of the pectin-degrading bacterium Monoglobus pectinilyticus in patients with MS is associated with the “leaky gut” phenomenon [86].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kwon, H.-K., Kim, G.-C., Kim, Y., Hwang, W., Jash, A., Sahoo, A., Kim, J.-E., Nam, J. H., & Im, S.-H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Im, Sin-Hyeog
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-227
- ISSN
- 1521-6616 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078792455
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation (2011-0028529)
- Systems Biology Infrastructure Establishment Grant
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, probiotics, T helper cell polarization, Th1/Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, Foxp3, IL-10, immunomodulation, multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, T cell-mediated autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peptide Fragments, Spinal Cord, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Probiotics, Mice, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
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