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Cited by 78Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesPain Management and TreatmentPain Management and Placebo Effect

Effects of non-pharmacological pain treatments on brain states

Open access
Jensen, Mark P., Sherlin, Leslie H., Askew, Robert L., Fregni, Felipe, Witkop, Gregory, Gianas, Ann, Howe, Jon D., Hakimian, Shahin·2013·Clinical Neurophysiology
DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.009PMC PMC3759647
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Abstract

Objective To (1) evaluate the effects of a single session of four non-pharmacological pain interventions, relative to a sham tDCS procedure, on pain and electroencephalogram- (EEG-) assessed brain oscillations, and (2) determine the extent to which procedure-related changes in pain intensity are associated with changes in brain oscillations. Methods 30 individuals with spinal cord injury and chronic pain were given an EEG and administered measures of pain before and after five procedures (hypnosis, meditation, transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS], neurofeedback, and a control sham tDCS procedure). Results Each procedure was associated with a different pattern of changes in brain activity, and all active procedures were significantly different from the control procedure in at least three bandwidths. Very weak and mostly non-significant associations were found between changes in EEG-assessed brain activity and pain. Conclusions Different non-pharmacological pain treatments have distinctive effects on brain oscillation patterns. However, changes in EEG-assessed brain oscillations are not significantly associated with changes in pain, and therefore such changes do not appear useful for explaining the benefits of these treatments. Significance The results provide new findings regarding the unique effects of four non-pharmacological treatments on pain and brain activity.

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  • Many of the differences in processing between high and low hypnotizability individuals are associated with frontal areas of the brain associated with executive control.

    “and that many of the differences in processing are associated with those (frontal) areas of the brain associated with executive control (Jensen et al., 2013).”

    From Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: Clinical implications of recent research findings. (2014) · cites this paper as Jensen et al., 2013

    The Results section reports hypnosis-related EEG changes at frontal sites, which supports the frontal-location part of the claim. It does not compare people with high and low hypnotizability or link differences in their processing to executive control; the reported theta changes also appeared at posterior sites. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Individuals who score high on tests of hypnotizability process information differently from those who score low on hypnotizability tests.

    “Neurophysiological research provides preliminary support for these ideas in that individuals who score high on tests of hypnotizability (highs) clearly process information differently from those who score low on hypnotizability tests (lows)”

    From Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: Clinical implications of recent research findings. (2014) · cites this paper as Jensen et al., 2013

    The Results section reports EEG changes after hypnosis, not differences between people who score high and low on hypnotizability tests. Searches for hypnotizability, hypnotic susceptibility, and high-versus-low comparisons found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed difference in information processing; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Authors
Jensen, M. P., Sherlin, L. H., Askew, R. L., Fregni, F., Witkop, G., Gianas, A., Howe, J. D., & Hakimian, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Jensen, Mark P.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Neurophysiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-10
Volume
124
Issue
10
Pages
2016-2024
ISSN
1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.009
PMC
PMC3759647
OpenAlex
W2053864049
Cited by
78
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2
FWCI
4.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • R21 HD058049
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords
non-pharmacological pain management, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, transcranial direct current stimulation, neurofeedback, hypnosis, meditation, sham tDCS, pain intensity, brain activity changes
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Chronic Disease, Electroencephalography, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Humans, Hypnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Spinal Cord Injuries, Meditation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult, Neurofeedback, Nociception, Pain Management

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