Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: a position paper
Open accessAbstract
Several techniques and protocols of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli, have been developed in the past decades. Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation may modulate cortical excitability outlasting the period of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation itself from several minutes to more than one hour. Quite a few lines of evidence, including pharmacological, physiological and behavioral studies in humans and animals, suggest that the effects of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation are produced through effects on synaptic plasticity. However, there is still a need for more direct and conclusive evidence. The fragility and variability of the effects are the major challenges that non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation currently faces. A variety of factors, including biological variation, measurement reproducibility and the neuronal state of the stimulated area, which can be affected by factors such as past and present physical activity, may influence the response to non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation. Work is ongoing to test whether the reliability and consistency of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation can be improved by controlling or monitoring neuronal state and by optimizing the protocol and timing of stimulation.
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Delayed rather than immediate after-effects may better reflect the modulatory effect of iTBS on network activity.
“However, delayed rather than immediate after-effects may better reflect the modulatory effect of iTBS on network activity (Huang et al., 2017)”
From Investigation of neurobiological responses to theta burst stimulation during recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (2023) · cites this paper as Huang et al., 2017
Section 4.4 reports that spaced iTBS affects resting-state connectivity, and section 4.1 says NIBS effects become more resistant to behavioral disturbance after the first few minutes. Neither passage says that delayed iTBS after-effects reflect modulation of network activity better than immediate after-effects. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudy design and stimulation protocol parameters contribute to mixed results in response to NIBS protocols.
“Firstly, study design and stimulation protocol parameters contribute to mixed results in response to NIBS protocols (Huang et al., 2017;Lopez-Alonso et al., 2014).”
From Investigation of neurobiological responses to theta burst stimulation during recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (2023) · cites this paper as Huang et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Huang, Y.-Z., Lu, M.-K., Antal, A., Classen, J., Nitsche, M., Ziemann, U., Ridding, M., Hamada, M., Ugawa, Y., Jaberzadeh, S., Suppa, A., Paulus, W., & Rothwell, J.
- Affiliations
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum (DE)
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (DE)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Fukushima Medical University (JP)
- Monash University (AU)
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (IT)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Ying-Zu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2318-2329
- ISSN
- 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2757881549
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 198
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 14.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H01658, 15K19476, 16H01605)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (15H05881, 16H05322, 25293206)
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (15lk0201010h0004, 16dk0310071h0001, 16ek0109048h0003)
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation (CMRPG3F1251)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (most 105-2314-B-182-004-MY3)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, synaptic plasticity, cortical excitability, stimulation protocol optimization
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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