Potential etiologic factors of microbiome disruption in autism
Open accessAbstract
Purpose The primary purpose of this article was to consider the candidate disruptors of the development of a healthy microbiome in patients with autism. The reported abnormalities in the microbiome of individuals with autism are discussed.Methods This selected review used data from published articles related to the assessment of microbiota in autism. Evidence-based support of factors known to affect the intestinal microbiome in individuals with autism are presented. Proposed interventions are evaluated and discussed.Findings Studies that have investigated the intestinal microbiome in patients with autism have reported significant differences versus unaffected controls. Increased clostridial species in autism have been reported in several studies. These differences may have resulted from a number of environmental factors. Microbiome alterations that might contribute to the development of autism include altered immune function and bacterial metabolites.Implications Efforts to modify microbial imbalances through a variety of interventions are addressed. Focusing on mechanisms that drive imbalances in the microbiome may affect the development of disease. Altered intestinal health may contribute to the development of autistic behaviors or autism itself. Interventions aimed at improving intestinal health may favorably affect the microbiome and autism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This is the first meta-analysis that systematically reviewed published data and examined microbiota alterations in patients with ASD.
“Although several reviews suggested a microbiota alteration in patients with ASD (28, 30, 55–60), this is the first meta-analysis that systematically reviewed published data and examined microbiota alterations in patients with ASD.”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 74 · Cited by 55
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Wingate M, Kirby RS, Pettygrove S, et al. Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014;63:1-21.
- Lanyon CV, Rushton SP, O'Donnell AG, et al. Murine scent mark micro- bial communities are genetically de- termined. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2007; 59:576-583.
- Konstantynowicz J, Porowski T, Zoch- Zwierz W, et al. A potential patho- genic role of oxalate in ASD. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2012;16:485-491.
- Altieri L, Neri C, Sacco R, et al. Urinary p-cresol is elevated in small children with severe AUTISTIC spectrum disor- der. Biomarkers. 2011;16:252-260.
- Wenger PN, Tokars JI, Brennan P, et al. An outbreak of Enterobacter hormaechei infection and coloniza- tion in an intensive care nursery. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:1243-1244.
- Authors
- Buie, T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buie, Timothy
- Venue
- Clinical Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 976-983
- ISSN
- 0149-2918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1488799420
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gut microbiota, microbiome disruption, Clostridium, immune function, bacterial metabolites, environmental risk factors, autism intervention, gut health
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Autistic Disorder, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
