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Evaluation of the safety of ancient strains of wheat in coeliac disease reveals heterogeneous small intestinal T cell responses suggestive of coeliac toxicity
Abstract
Background & aims Coeliac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Since it is unknown if all wheat varieties are equally toxic to coeliac patients seven Triticum accessions showing different origin (ancient/modern) and ploidy (di-, tetra- hexaploid) were studied. Materials and methods Selected strains of wheat were ancient Triticum monococcum precoce (AA genome) and Triticum speltoides (BB genome), accessions of Triticum turgidum durum (AABB genome) including two ancient (Graziella Ra and Kamut) and two modern (Senatore Cappelli and Svevo) durum strains of wheat and Triticum aestivum compactum (AABBDD genome). Small intestinal gluten-specific T-cell lines generated from 13 coeliac patients were tested with wheat accessions by proliferation assays. Results All strains of wheat independent of ploidy or ancient/modern origin triggered heterogeneous responses covering wide ranges of stimulation indices. Conclusion Ancient strains of wheat, although previously suggested to be low or devoid of coeliac toxicity, should be tested for immunogenicity using gluten-specific T-cell lines from multiple coeliac patients rather than gluten-specific clones to assess their potential toxicity. Our findings provide further evidence for the need for a strict gluten-free diet in coeliac patients, including avoidance of ancient strains of wheat.
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Triticum monococcum was suggested to be safe for coeliac patients from a single-blind crossover study, but it was demonstrated to be toxic for patients with CD and should not be included in a GFD.
“One ancient isoform of wheat called Triticum monococcum was suggested to be safe for coeliac patients, from a one single-blind crossover study (11), however, it was demonstrated to be toxic for patients with CD and should not be included in a GFD (12,13).”
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Luque, V., Crespo‐Escobar, P., Hård af Segerstad, E. M., Koltai, T., Norsa, L., Roman, E., Vreugdenhil, A., Fueyo‐Díaz, R., & Ribes‐Koninckx, C. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.12079 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Šuligoj, T., Gregorini, A., Colomba, M., Ellis, H. J., & Ciclitira, P. J.
- Affiliations
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- University of Urbino (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Šuligoj, Tanja
- Gregorini, Armando
- Colomba, Mariastella
- Ellis, H. Julia
- Ciclitira, Paul J.
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1043-1049
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985338045
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research information system (University of Urbino) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rosetrees Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- celiac disease, Triticum monococcum, Aegilops speltoides, durum wheat, wheat, gluten-free diet
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Celiac Disease, Female, Glutens, Humans, Intestine, Small, Male, Middle Aged, T-Lymphocytes, Triticum, Cell Proliferation, Young Adult
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