Pleiotropic Roles of Bile Acids in Metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol generates numerous distinct bile acids that function both as detergents that facilitate digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, and as hormones that activate four distinct receptors. Activation of these receptors alters gene expression in multiple tissues, leading to changes not only in bile acid metabolism but also in glucose homeostasis, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, energy expenditure, intestinal motility and bacterial growth, inflammation, liver regeneration, and hepatocarcinogenesis. This review covers the roles of specific bile acids, synthetic agonists, and their cognate receptors in controlling these diverse functions, as well as their current use in treating human diseases.
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Bile acids regulate systemic lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism, as well as energy and immune homeostasis, by activating FXR and TGR5.
“By activating nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and plasma membrane TGR5 receptor, bile acids were shown to regulate systemic lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism, as well as energy and immune homeostasis (Calmus and Poupon, 2014;de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013;Thomas et al., 2008).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013
RSV decreased the activity of ileal FXR and the expression of FGF15 in small intestinal tissues.
“We also found that RSV decreased the activity of ileal FXR and the expression of FGF15 by decreasing the levels of FXR agonists (TCA and CDCA) in SI tissues (45, 46).”
One of the unique features of the terminal small intestine is the active uptake of bile from the intestinal lumen.
“One of the unique features of the terminal small intestine is the active uptake of the bile from the intestinal lumen (de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013).”
From Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism (2017) · cites this paper as de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013
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References 117 · Cited by 1,209
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Porez G Prawitt J Gross B Staels B 2012b Bile acid receptors as targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease: Thematic Review Series: New Lipid and Lipoprotein Targets for the Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases J Lipid Res 53 1723 1737 22550135 PMC3413216
- Authors
- de Aguiar Vallim, T. Q., Tarling, E. J., & Edwards, P. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, Peter A.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 657-669
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3654004
- OpenAlex
- W2049169935
- Cited by
- 1,209
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 5.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL3 0568, P01HL030568)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- bile acids, bile acid receptors, cholesterol oxidation, bile acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism, energy expenditure, intestinal motility, gut microbiota, inflammation, liver regeneration, hepatocarcinogenesis, synthetic agonists, drug development
- MeSH terms
- Bile Acids and Salts, Humans, Receptors, Cell Surface, Gene Expression, Lipid Metabolism
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