Prefrontal and parietal correlates of cognitive control related to the adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed in childhood
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The protracted and highly variable development of prefrontal cortex regions that support cognitive control has been purported to shape the adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This neurodevelopmental model was tested in a prospectively followed sample of 27 adult probands who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and 28 carefully matched comparison subjects aged 21-28 years. Probands were classified with persistent ADHD or remitted ADHD. Behavioral and neural responses to the Stimulus and Response Conflict Task (SRCT) performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were compared in probands and comparison subjects and in probands with persistent and remitted ADHD. Response speed and accuracy for stimulus, response, and combined conflicts did not differ across groups. Orbitofrontal, inferior frontal and parietal activation was lower in probands than comparison subjects, but only for combined conflicts, when demand for cognitive control was highest. Reduced activation for combined conflicts in probands was almost wholly attributable to the persistence of ADHD; orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, anterior cingulate and parietal activation was lower in probands with persistent ADHD than both probands with remitted ADHD and comparison subjects, but did not differ between probands with remitted ADHD and comparison subjects. These data provide the first evidence that prefrontal and parietal activation during cognitive control parallels the adult outcome of ADHD diagnosed in childhood, with persistence of symptoms linked to reduced activation and symptom recovery associated with activation indistinguishable from adults with no history of ADHD.
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Only ADHD persisters in adulthood had underactivation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal regions, anterior cingulate and cerebellum, while non-persisters did not differ from controls.
“only the ADHD persisters in adulthood had underactivation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal regions (Schulz et al., 2017; Szekely et al., 2017), anterior cingulate (Schulz et al., 2017) and cerebellum (Szekely et al., 2017), while non-persisters did not differ from controls (Schulz et al., 2017; Szekely et al., 2017).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Schulz et al., 2017
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References 52 · Cited by 39
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams JBW 2002 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I-NP) New York Biometrics Institute, New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Authors
- Schulz, K. P., Li, X., Clerkin, S. M., Fan, J., Berwid, O. G., Newcorn, J. H., & Halperin, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology (US)
- Purchase College (US)
- Queens College, CUNY (US)
- York College, City University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schulz, Kurt P.
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 90
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5438775
- OpenAlex
- W2591144925
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01MH060698, K01MH070892, KL2RR029885)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive control, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, persistent ADHD, neurodevelopmental model, adult outcomes, symptom recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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