Background subtraction in real applications: Challenges, current models and future directions

Robust principal component analysis?

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Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking

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2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

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2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

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2011 International Conference on Computer Vision

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Non-parametric Model for Background Subtraction

Elgammal, A., Harwood, D., & Davis, L. S. (2000) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45053-x_48 · Cited by 2,129

Wallflower: principles and practice of background maintenance

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A Bayesian computer vision system for modeling human interactions

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Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction

Živković, Z., & van der Heijden, F. (2006) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2005.11.005 · Cited by 1,583

Deep Learning for Robust Motion Segmentation with Non-Static CamerasPreprint

Bösch, M. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.10929 · Cited by 3

A quantum moving target segmentation algorithm based on mean background modeling

Wang, L., Liu, Y., Meng, F., Zhang, Z., & Yu, X. (2024) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-024-04578-5 · Cited by 2

H-Net: A transformer based multistage fusion convolutional neural network for underwater object detection in complex environments

Kumar, A., & Bhalla, S. (2026) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115083 · Cited by 2

RoiSeg: An Effective Moving Object Segmentation Approach Based on Region-of-Interest with Unsupervised Learning

Zhang, Z., Pei, Z., Tang, Z., & Gu, F. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12052674 · Cited by 2

Polygonized Silhouettes and Polygon Coding Based Feature Representation for Human Action Recognition

Göçmen, O., & Akata, M. E. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3283458 · Cited by 2

Smart Parking System With Background Subtraction Algorithm Using Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) Technology on Raspberry Pi 4

Anggraini, N., Zein, A. F., Wardhani, L. K., & Fadhillah, K. (2023) · International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) · doi:10.1109/citsm60085.2023.10455254 · Cited by 2

A Systematic Literature Review on Vision-Based Human Event Recognition in Smart Classrooms: Identifying Significant Events and Their Applications

Córdoba-Tlaxcalteco, M. L., & Benítez–Guerrero, E. (2024) · Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of RAS · doi:10.15514/ispras-2024-36(1)-11 · Cited by 2

Robust singular value decomposition with application to video surveillance background modelling

Roy, S., Ghosh, A., & Basu, A. (2024) · Statistics and Computing · doi:10.1007/s11222-024-10493-7 · Cited by 2

Real-Time Background-Agnostic Fish Localization in Underwater Videos towards Autonomous Species Monitoring

Srikanth, A. S., Thirandas, S., Balamurugan, D. A., Daga, A., Vincent, R. E., Padır, T., & Saha, D. (2024) · MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference (OCEANS) · doi:10.1109/oceans51537.2024.10682154 · Cited by 2

Surface Defect Detection of Steel Balls Based on Surface Full Expansion and Image Difference

Chen, L., Ni, H., Ukida, H., Zhang, J., Wang, B., & Lv, S. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13224484 · Cited by 2

An Enhanced Image Segmentation Technique-Based on Motion Detection Algorithm

Bakr, Z. S., Marhoon, H. M., & Alaythawy, A. D. (2024) · Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) · doi:10.37385/jaets.v6i1.6080 · Cited by 2

Moving target detection based on improved Gaussian mixture model in dynamic and complex environments

Li, J., Duan, F., Fu, X., Niu, G., Wang, R., & Zheng, H. (2025) · IET Image Processing · doi:10.1049/ipr2.70001 · Cited by 2

Statistical Modeling of Deep Features to Reduce False Alarms in Video Change Detection

Bou, X., Artola, A., Ehret, T., Facciolo, G., Morel, J., & von Gioi, R. G. (2025) · Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision · doi:10.1007/s10851-025-01238-w · Cited by 2

Unsupervised Background Subtraction Using Generator-Discriminator Learning

Alawode, B., & Javed, S. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3598078 · Cited by 3

Global Optimality Guarantees for Nonconvex Unsupervised Video Segmentation

Anderson, B. G., & Sojoudi, S. (2019) · Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing · doi:10.1109/allerton.2019.8919697 · Cited by 2

Foreground Object Segmentation in RGB–D Data Implemented on GPU

Janus, P., Kryjak, T., & Gorgoń, M. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50936-1_68 · Cited by 2

Background Modeling Based on Statistical Clustering Partitioning

Li, B., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, X., & Fan, X. (2021) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2021/2346438 · Cited by 2

Explicitly Privacy-Aware Space Usage Analysis

Jha, S. S., Mayer, S., & Schneider, T. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) · doi:10.1109/trustcom50675.2020.00172 · Cited by 2

Improving performance of background subtraction on mobile devices: a parallel approach

Mišić, M. J., Kovačev, P., & Tomašević, M. V. (2021) · Journal of Real-Time Image Processing · doi:10.1007/s11554-021-01184-x · Cited by 2

Sliding Windowed Fuzzy Correlation Analysis-Based Marine Motion Detection

Shruthi, M. L. J., Harsha, B. K., & Indumathi, G. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9885-9_8 · Cited by 2

Infrared Detection of Small-Moving Targets Using Spatial Local Vector Difference and Temporal Sample Consensus Measures

Li, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y.-T., & Zhao, C. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3217656 · Cited by 2

Single-Pixel Background Modeling Algorithm for Strong Sky Scenes Based on Local Region Spatial Bases

Li, B., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23010522 · Cited by 2

Post Processing Algorithm for Background Subtraction Model based on Entropy Approximation and Style Transfer Neural Network

Trung, T.-T., & Ha, S. V. (2022) · RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF) · doi:10.1109/rivf55975.2022.10013805 · Cited by 2

An Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Human Detected Keyframe Extraction

Rajeshwari, D., & Priscilla, C. V. (2023) · International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems · doi:10.32985/ijeces.14.9.3 · Cited by 2

Surveillance with UAV Videos

Delibaşoğlu, İ. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.105959 · Cited by 2

Foreground-Preserving Background Modification: A Deep Learning Approach

Er-Rajy, L., Ahmed, E. K. M., Mohamed, E. G., & Ouaissa, M. (2023) · International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS) · doi:10.1109/sitis61268.2023.00047 · Cited by 1

Parallel Implementation of Gaussian Mixture Model Background Subtraction on Jetson Nano

Bariko, S., Klilou, A., Abounada, A., & Arsalane, A. (2024) · World Conference on Complex Systems · doi:10.1109/wccs62745.2024.10765544 · Cited by 1

A Bio-Inspired Visual Network That Fuses Motion and Contrast Features for Detecting Small Moving Objects in Dynamic Complex Environments

Ling, J., Meng, H., & Gong, D. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15031649 · Cited by 1

MRTMD: A Multi-Resolution Dataset for Evaluating Object Detection in Traffic Monitoring Systems

Bugeja, M., Bartolo, M., Montebello, M., & Seychell, D. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3585986 · Cited by 1

A computer vision-based methodology for identifying the wheel load distribution of heavy vehicles on bridge decks

Zhang, J., Zhang, J., & Wu, Z. (2025) · Structure and Infrastructure Engineering · doi:10.1080/15732479.2025.2532178 · Cited by 1

Improving Object Counting Accuracy with Adaptive CNN Models and Meta-Level Routing

Bowman, B., Zheng, Z., Dalhy, N., Geary, B., Bentley, I., & Karaman, B. (2025) · IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT) · doi:10.1109/aiiot65859.2025.11105271 · Cited by 1

Evaluation of Static Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using an Innovative Image Processing Software

Başaran, Z., Çelik, H. İ., Polat, Ö., & Elbasan, B. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13212682 · Cited by 1

Separated Background and Foreground Coding for MPEG Immersive Video Coding

Oh, J., Oh, K., Li, X., Lee, G., & Jang, E. S. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3627283 · Cited by 1

Tensor BM‐Decomposition for Compression and Analysis of Video Data

Tian, F., Kilmer, M. E., Miller, E. L., & Patra, A. (2025) · Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications · doi:10.1002/nla.70043 · Cited by 1

Vibration Motion Analysis in NIR Video Frame Segments: Kinematic Tracking and Segmented Stability Assessment Using Hilbert and Fourier Transforms

Vakeesan, D., & Peters, J. F. (2025) · Signal Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1007/s11760-025-05026-2 · Cited by 1

SeqFeedNet: Sequential Feature Feedback Network for Background Subtraction

Huang, Y.-S., Guo, J.-M., & Yang, Y.-X. (2026) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv61042.2026.00791 · Cited by 1

A Content-wise Data Placement Policy for Improving the Performance of MapReduce-based Video Processing Applications in Cloud Computing

SaatiAlsoruji, E. (2020) · IEEE ... International Conference on Cloud Computing · doi:10.1109/cloud49709.2020.00035 · Cited by 1

Touch-Point Detection Using Thermal Video With Applications to Prevent Indirect Virus Spread

Ma, G., Ross, W., Tucker, M. B., Hsu, P., Buckland, D. M., & Codd, P. J. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2021.3083098 · Cited by 1

Re-evaluation of the CNN-based state-of-the-art crowd-counting methods with enhancements

Tersek, M., Kljun, M., Peer, P., & Emeršič, Ž. (2022) · Computer Science and Information Systems · doi:10.2298/csis210925023t · Cited by 1

Repeatable Pattern Mining for Accurate Subtraction of Backgrounds with Waving Objects in Underwater Videos

Wu, J., Huang, G., Zheng, H., Huang, G., Hu, Y., & He, J. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) · doi:10.1109/dsaa54385.2022.10032438 · Cited by 1

A Model-Free Moving Object Detection and Tracking Framework Based on UAV Data

Wang, Z., Li, D., Kuai, Y., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_318 · Cited by 1

New Approach of Generating Ground-Truth for Local Surveillance Dataset Tested with Benchmark Background Subtraction Models

Yasir, M. A., & Ali, Y. H. (2023) · Iraqi Journal of Science · doi:10.24996/ijs.2023.64.4.38 · Cited by 1

Dynamic method to optimize memory space requirement in real-time video surveillance using convolution neural network

Biswas, T., Bhattacharya, D., & Mandal, G. (2023) · The Imaging Science Journal · doi:10.1080/13682199.2023.2216971 · Cited by 1

Automated Vision-Based Fatigue Crack Growth Monitoring Based on Background Subtraction

Shen, L., & Soliman, M. (2023) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-023-02152-x · Cited by 1

Software Application for Automatic Detection and Analysis of Biomass in Underwater Videos

Valido, M. R., Bendicho, P. F., Reyes, M. M., & Rodríguez-Juncá, A. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app131910870 · Cited by 1

Semi-supervised Learning of Non-stationary Acoustic Signals Using Time-Frequency Energy Maps

Guerra-Bravo, E., Baltazar, A., & García, A. D. J. B. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47765-2_5 · Cited by 1

GIBS-Net: Unseen Video Background Subtraction with Global Information

Cui, H., Lv, Z., Yuan, T., Feng, C., & Shan, X. (2023) · IEEE Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC) · doi:10.1109/itaic58329.2023.10408949 · Cited by 1

Improved CNN Model Stability and Robustness with Video Frame Segmentation

Stefański, P., & Jach, T. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70816-9_13 · Cited by 1

Deep Learning-Based Helmet Detection for In-Vehicle Compliance Monitoring on Low-Cost Edge Devices

Abinaya, R., Sekar, R., Pai, T. V., Thippa, S., & R, P. J. I. (2025) · IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) · doi:10.1109/sceecs64059.2025.10940393 · Cited by 1

An intuitive tele-collaboration interface exploring laser-based interaction and behavior trees

Torielli, D., Muratore, L., & Tsagarakis, N. G. (2025) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2025.105054 · Cited by 1

A Deep Learning Approach for Motion Segmentation Using An Optical Flow Technique

Ghaywate, P., Vyas, F., Telang, S., & Mangale, S. (2019) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) · doi:10.1109/icccnt45670.2019.8944422 · Cited by 1

Manifold Learning-based Clustering Approach Applied to Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos

Lopes, L. T., Valem, L. P., Pedronette, D. C. G., Guilherme, I. R., Papa, J. P., Santana, M., & Colombo, D. (2020) · International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP) · doi:10.5220/0008974604040412 · Cited by 1

Dual Information-Based Background Model For Moving Object Detection

Roy, S. M., & Bouwmans, T. (2020) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip40778.2020.9190811 · Cited by 1

Comparative Analysis of Background Subtraction Models Applied on a Local Dataset Using a New Approach for Ground-truth Generation

Yasir, M. A., & Ali, Y. H. (2022) · International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering Science & IT (iJES) · doi:10.3991/ijes.v10i03.34317 · Cited by 1

Machine learning models in people detection and identification

Rondón, C. V. N., Chaustre, Y. R., & Casadiego, S. A. C. (2022) · Ingenieria Solidaria · doi:10.16925/2357-6014.2022.03.05 · Cited by 1

A speed measurement method for high speed moving target in bright light environment

Dong, S., Guan, L., Wang, H. E., & Huang, J. (2023) · International Conference on Optics and Image Processing (ICOIP) · doi:10.1117/12.2689221 · Cited by 1

High-Quality Automatic Foreground Extraction Using Consensus EquilibriumPreprint

Wang, X., Juang, J., & Chan, S. H. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 1

Accurate indoor positioning and tracking based on data fusion from inertial sensors, wireless signals and image devices using Deep Learning techniques

Belmonte-Hernández, A. (2019) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.57985 · Cited by 1

ORGRU: Online Robust Gated Recurrent Units for Real-Time Background Subtraction in Video SequencesPreprint

Sedghi, A., Amoozegar, M., Rashedi, E., & Afsari, F. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3138445/v1 · Cited by 1

Experimental Data Acquisition and Management Software for Camera Trap Data Studies

Зотин, А. Г., & Иванович, П. А. (2020) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39177-5_7

Foreground object segmentation in RGB-D data implemented on GPUPreprint

Janus, P., Kryjak, T., & Gorgoń, M. (2020) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.11787183.v1

Low-dimensional representation of visual dynamics towards animal/human behavior monitoring

Rezaei, B. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20382831

Improving the Performance of Video Processing on Hadoop Clusters

SaatiAlsoruji, E. (2020) · doi:10.22215/etd/2020-14287

Moving Target Detection Based on an Adaptive Low-Rank Sparse Decomposition

Jiang, C. W. (2020) · Computing and Informatics · doi:10.31577/cai_2020_5_1061

Software Auto Trigger Recording for Super Slow Motion Videos Using Statistical Change Detection

Shukla, R., Jain, I., & Kumar, S. K. P. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1103-2_13

Arithmetic Distribution Neural Network for Background Subtraction.Preprint

Zhao, C., Hu, K., & Basu, A. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University)

CDN-MEDAL: Two-stage Density and Difference Approximation Framework for Motion AnalysisPreprint

Ha, S. V., Nguyen, T.-C., Phan, H. N., Chung, N. M., & Ha, P. H. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.03776

Extracting Small Flying Airplane With Spatially Accurate and Temporally Consistent Foreground Modeling

Chen, D.-L., Zhang, L., & Huang, H. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121290

A Framework for Anomaly Detection under Dynamic and Distributed Scenarios

Odiathevar, M. (2021) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16985653

Concurrent Spatial Color Information Processing for Video-Based Vehicle Detection Applications

Sankaranarayanan, M., Mala, C., & Mathew, S. (2021) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78750-9_5

Background subtraction and yolo algorithm

Rondón, C. V. N., Casadiego, S. A. C., & Delgado, B. M. (2021) · Ingenieria Solidaria · doi:10.16925/2357-6014.2021.01.06

Threshold adaptation and XOR accumulation algorithm for objects detection

Kurmasha, H. T. R., & Ali, I. H. (2022) · International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2517-2525

Background Subtraction Algorithm Comparison on the Raspberry Pi Platform for Real Video Datasets

Iszaidy, I., Ngadiran, R., Ramli, N., Nazren, A. R. A., Nasrudin, M. W., & Jais, M. I. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8690-0_93

Superpixels-Guided Background Modeling Approach for Foreground Detection

Kalsotra, R., & Arora, S. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8248-3_25

Motion-augmented Change Detection for Video Surveillance

Tang, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, D., Zhang, Z., & Yu, H. (2021) · IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP) · doi:10.1109/mmsp53017.2021.9733471

Identify Types of Cars from Free-View Video Images Based on Machine LearningPreprint

Xin, L., & Ajdani, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1843670/v1

ABGS Segmenter: Pixel wise Adaptive Background Subtraction and Intensity Ratio based Shadow Removal Approach for Moving Object Detection in Video Surveillance ApplicationPreprint

Agrawal, S., & Natu, P. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1817683/v1

SIM-MFR: Spatial interactions mechanisms based multi-feature representation for background modeling

He, W. P., Li, J., Qi, Q., Tu, B., Ou, X., & Guo, L. (2022) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2022.103622

Objects Movement Detection Based on Impulsed Neural Network of the Analogue of the Biological Retinal Model

Yeuseyenka, I., & Melnikau, I. (2022) · Computer and Information Science · doi:10.5539/cis.v15n4p46

Intelligent Video Surveillance - New Perspectives

Mazzeo, P. L. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.100777

DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO PROCESSING MODULE FOR THE TASK OF AIR OBJECT RECOGNITION BASED ON THEIR CONTOURS

Yesilevskyi, V., Koliadin, A., & Sereda, O. (2022) · Innovative technologies and scientific solutions for industries · doi:10.30837/itssi.2022.21.016

ON SITE PROCESSING OF VIDEO STREAM FOR MAPPING TRAFFIC PARAMETERS

Pamuła, W., & Kłos, M. J. (2022) · Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology Series Transport · doi:10.20858/sjsutst.2022.117.12

Robust Dynamic Background Modeling for Foreground Estimation

Ning, Q., Wu, F., Dong, W., Wu, J., Shi, G., & Li, X. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) · doi:10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008816

Moving Target Detection Based On DLBSP For Complex Background Surveillance Video

Kong, X., Dai, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022) · International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Technology (EIECT) · doi:10.1109/eiect58010.2022.00024

The Unveiled City: Multicultural Representation of Tokyo by Hashtag Labeling on Instagram

Cabrera, Y., & Diago, L. (2023) · Leonardo · doi:10.1162/leon_a_02426

An Improved Adaptive Background Mixture Model for Realtime Tracking with Lightning Detection

Fu, J., Li, Y., & Liu, J. (2022) · International Conference on Telecommunications and Communication Engineering (ICTCE) · doi:10.1145/3577065.3577101

Real-Time Page Extraction for Document Digitization

Darahan, D., Kovernikov, A., Liashenko, O., & Lysenko, A. (2022) · International Scientific-Practical Conference Problems of Infocommunications Science and Technology · doi:10.1109/picst57299.2022.10238539

Real-Time Change Detection with Convolutional Density Approximation

Ha, S. V., Nguyen, T.-C., Phan, H. N., & Ha, P. H. (2023) · Vietnam Journal of Computer Science · doi:10.1142/s219688882350015x

An Active Learning Artificial Intelligence Driven Framework for Building Collaborative Visual Inspection ModelsPreprint

Bruce, D., Sanghvi, H. A., Behara, R. S., & Agarwal, A. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4617143

Moving Object Activator in Background Subtraction Algorithm for Automatic Passenger Counter System in Public Transportation

Hapsari, G. I., Mutiara, G. A., Alfarisi, M. R., Meisaroh, L., Hanifa, F. H., Putra, R., Salim, D., & Kurniawan, A. P. (2023) · Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) · doi:10.37385/jaets.v5i1.1956

Optimized city traffic analysis with video stream inputs

Markovska, V., & Kabaivanov, S. I. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0178797

Design Strategy for Identification and Tracking of Video Objects Over Crowded Video Scenes using a Novel Feature-Learning Algorithm

Divyaprabha, D., & Guruprasad, S. (2023) · International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC) · doi:10.1109/icmnwc60182.2023.10435734

AI-RIDE: A Multi-Camera System for the Evaluation of Motorcycle Driving Test

Leone, G. R., Righi, M., Moroni, D., (autore), B. A., Bulotta, D., & Paolucci, F. (2023) · International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS) · doi:10.1109/sitis61268.2023.00076

Detection and Measurement of Amorphous Vapor Clouds Using Background Subtraction in VideoPreprint

Trowbridge, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4797900

Mobile Computation in Connected Vehicles

Lu, S., & Shi, W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59963-7_2

Probability-Based Video Anomaly Detection Approaches

Wang, X. (2024) · Cognitive intelligence and robotics · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3023-0_3

Progressive Feature Fusion for Enhanced Foreground Segmentation

Rachana, S., Neeli, S., Kumar, G., & Yerra, H. (2024) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8031-0_63

Automated waste detection system for river surveillance in Jakarta using background substraction method

Solichin, A., Salman, A. A., & Painem, P. (2024) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2866/1/012036

Bildverarbeitungsmethoden zur Prozessbewertung am Beispiel fliegender Späne

Sörqvist, E., Kirik, O., Dilly, F., & Huang, Q. (2024) · Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb · doi:10.1515/zwf-2024-1130

Visual Surveillance of Human Activities: Background Subtraction Challenges and Methods

Bouwmans, T., & García-García, B. (2019) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429297922-4 · Cited by 4

Background Subtraction from a Stationary Camera

Elgammal, A. (2015) · Synthesis lectures on computer vision · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01813-8_2

Background subtraction for moving object detection: explorations of recent developments and challenges

Kalsotra, R., & Arora, S. (2021) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02286-0 · Cited by 91

Background Models Challenge, Workshop of ACCV 2012

Vacavant, A., Tougne, L., Château, T., & Robinault, L. (2012) · HAL · Cited by 2

Segmentation of Moving Objects using Numerous Background Subtraction Methods for Surveillance Applications

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