An individual with human immunodeficiency virus, dementia, and central nervous system amyloid deposition
Open accessAbstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is found in 30%–50% of individuals with HIV infection. To date, no HIV+ individual has been reported to have a positive amyloid PET scan. We report a 71‐year‐old HIV+ individual with HAND. Clinical and neuropsychologic evaluations confirmed a progressive mild dementia. A routine brain MRI was normal for age. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose–PET revealed mild hypermetabolism in bilateral basal ganglia and hypometabolism of bilateral parietal cortex including the posterior cingulate/precuneus. Resting state functional MRI revealed altered connectivity as found with individuals with mild AD. CSF examination revealed a low Aβ42/tau index but a low phospho‐tau. An amyloid PET/CT with [18F]florbetaben revealed pronounced cortical radiotracer deposition. This case report suggests that progressive dementia in older HIV+ individuals may be due to HAND, AD, or both. HIV infection does not preclude CNS Aβ/amyloid deposition. Amyloid PET imaging may be of value in distinguishing HAND from AD pathologies.
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In this cohort and others, individuals who had HIV-associated dementia or HAND had the lowest levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42.
“In this cohort and others, individuals who had HIV-associated dementia or HAND had the lowest levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 [114–116].”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that a review found low CSF amyloid levels in subjects with HAND. It does not say that people with HAND had the lowest levels of both Aβ40 and Aβ42; the paper itself reports a single case, not a cohort comparison. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease?
Brutkiewicz, R. R., Cao, W., Morgan, D., Reis, R. S. D., Suryadevara, V., Willette, A. A., Willette, S. A., Wyatt-Johnson, S. K., & Duggan, M. R. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.05.009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Turner, R. S., Chadwick, M., Horton, W. A., Simon, G. L., Jiang, X., & Esposito, G.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turner, Raymond Scott
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-5
- ISSN
- 2352-8729 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4950581
- OpenAlex
- W2336015631
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (20130805)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV infection, dementia, amyloid PET, florbetaben, Alzheimer's disease, differential diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, resting-state fMRI, FDG-PET, phosphorylated tau
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