Feedback associated with expectation for larger-reward improves visuospatial working memory performances in children with ADHD
Open accessAbstract
We tested the interactive effect of feedback and reward on visuospatial working memory in children with ADHD. Seventeen boys with ADHD and 17 Normal Control (NC) boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing four visuospatial 2-back tasks that required monitoring the spatial location of letters presented on a display. Tasks varied in reward size (large; small) and feedback availability (no-feedback; feedback). While the performance of NC boys was high in all conditions, boys with ADHD exhibited higher performance (similar to those of NC boys) only when they received feedback associated with large-reward. Performance pattern in both groups was mirrored by neural activity in an executive function neural network comprised of few distinct frontal brain regions. Specifically, neural activity in the left and right middle frontal gyri of boys with ADHD became normal-like only when feedback was available, mainly when feedback was associated with large-reward. When feedback was associated with small-reward, or when large-reward was expected but feedback was not available, boys with ADHD exhibited altered neural activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula. This suggests that contextual support normalizes activity in executive brain regions in children with ADHD, which results in improved working memory.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are substantial individual differences in reactions to reward and feedback manipulation in ADHD.
“Notably, there are substantial individual differences in reactions to reward and feedback manipulation in ADHD (Demurie et al., 2011; Dovis et al., 2015; Hammer et al., 2015; Plichta and Scheres, 2014; van der Schaaf et al., 2013).”
From Functional neuroimaging of visuospatial working memory tasks enables accurate detection of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2015
Our findings provide additional support to the idea that the manifestation of neurocognitive abnormalities in ADHD is context dependent.
“Our findings are with important theoretical contribution, providing additional support to the idea that the manifestation of neurocognitive abnormalities in ADHD is context dependent (Dovis et al., 2013; Hammer et al., 2015).”
From Functional neuroimaging of visuospatial working memory tasks enables accurate detection of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2015
Only trials in which the participant responded correctly were modeled, and this had only a small quantitative impact on the reported findings.
“In order to further reduce within scan variability in neural activity, only trials in which the participant responded correctly (hit and correct rejection) were modeled, with onset time-locked to the beginning of each trial (Calhoun et al., 2005; Demir et al., 2014; Hammer et al., 2015; Puschmann et al., 2013). This had only a small quantitative impact on the reported findings.”
From Functional neuroimaging of visuospatial working memory tasks enables accurate detection of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2015
It is unlikely that significant functional brain abnormalities characterizing ADHD would be evident regardless of the mental state of the test subject during the scan.
“It is also unlikely that significant functional brain abnormalities characterizing ADHD would be evident regardless of the mental state of the test subject, during the scan (Castellanos and Proal, 2012; Hammer et al., 2015).”
From Functional neuroimaging of visuospatial working memory tasks enables accurate detection of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 98 · Cited by 21
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gottfried J. Dolan R.J. Human orbitofrontal cortex mediates extinction learning while accessing conditioned representations of value Nat. Neurosci. 7 10 2004 1144 1152 15361879
- Authors
- Hammer, R., Tennekoon, M., Cooke, G. E., Gayda, J., Stein, M. A., & Booth, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hammer, Rubi
- Venue
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 38-49
- ISSN
- 1878-9293 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4536089
- OpenAlex
- W799267778
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- NIH (R21-MH080820)
- Northwestern University Human Cognition (T32-NS047987)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, visuospatial working memory, feedback, reward magnitude, reward anticipation, executive function, middle frontal gyrus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, children, 2-back task, contextual support
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Reward, Space Perception, Visual Perception, Feedback, Psychological, Executive Function, Anticipation, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
