A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems

The AC counter electrode demonstrated a high Li recovery of 14.4 mg/g for a 25 min cycle, so it is recommended for all ESIX systems.

“The AC counter electrode demonstrated a high Li recovery of 14.4 mg/g for a 25 min cycle, so it is recommended for all ESIX systems (Zhao et al., 2020d; Zavahir et al., 2021).”

An array of smaller electrodes with higher surface areas arranged into working and counter electrode pairs can be employed for recovery instead of a large, singular electrode.

“An array of smaller electrodes with higher surface areas arranged into working and counter electrode pairs can be employed for recovery instead of a large, singular electrode (Joo et al., 2020; Zavahir et al., 2021).”

The specific energy consumption for SED recovery from Li+ is more efficient for salt lake brines than seawater due to their higher ionic strength and mass ratios.

“Finally, the SEC for SED recovery from Li + is more ef fi cient for salt lake brines than seawater due to their higher ionic strength and mass ratios (Zavahir et al., 2021).”

ESIX batch operation is less efficient than other continuous mode technologies, such as electrodialysis.

“Furthermore, this batch operation is less ef fi cient than other continuous mode technologies, such as electrodialysis (Zavahir et al., 2021).”

The solution enrichment process at the commercial level can be expected to exceed 1,000 cycles.

“Therefore, the solution enrichment process at the commercial level can be expected to exceed 1,000 cycles (Zavahir et al., 2021).”