Associations between serum total, free and bioavailable testosterone and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly women
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered both a cause and consequence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). While emerging evidence has indicated that testosterone is associated with MetS, the relationship between testosterone and NAFLD in women remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between serum testosterone levels and NAFLD prevalence risk in a community-based cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 2117 adult women were included in the analysis. Serum total testosterone (TT) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and other testosterone-related indices, such as concentrations and percentages of calculated free testosterone (cFT) and bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and free androgen index (FAI), were also calculated. NAFLD was diagnosed by clinical criteria. Logistic regression was used to explore these associations. Results There were significant differences in TT, FAI, cFT and BioT between women with and without NAFLD (all P Conclusion Serum cFT and BioT were positively associated with NAFLD risk, and elevated levels of cFT and BioT could be independent risk factors of NAFLD prevalence in middle-aged and elderly women.
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Regarding calculated free T, literature remains undecided describing either an inverse, positive or no association with NAFLD.
“Regarding calculated free T, literature remains undecided describing either an inverse, positive or no association with NAFLD [140–143].”
From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [143]
Calculated and/or measured free T correlate stronger with clinical outcomes of NAFLD, PCOS, and hypertension than total T.
“In related research, calculated and/or measured free T, as opposed to total T, were found to correlate stronger with clinical outcomes of NAFLD, PCOS and hypertension [143, 237, 238].”
From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [143]
Cites
Antonio, L., Wu, F. C. W., O'Neill, T. W., Pye, S. R., Ahern, T. B., Laurent, M. R., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Lean, M. E. J., Keevil, B. G., Rastrelli, G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4106 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Male hypogonadism causes obesity associated with impairment of hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice
Aoki, A., Fujitani, K., Takagi, K., Kimura, T., Nagase, H., & Nakanishi, T. (2016) · Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00942 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Narinx, N., David, K., Walravens, J., Vermeersch, P., Claessens, F., Fiers, T., Lapauw, B., Antonio, L., & Vanderschueren, D. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04562-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wang, X., Li, Q., Pang, J., Lin, J., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Shen, T., Chen, X., Ma, J., Xu, X., Ling, W., & Chen, Y.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ling, Wenhua
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101199
- ISSN
- 1262-3636 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3092477905
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, testosterone, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, free androgen index, metabolic syndrome, middle-aged women, older women, hepatic steatosis, NAFLD risk factors, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Testosterone, Independent Living, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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