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Transfer of learning between 2D and 3D sources during infancy: Informing theory and practice

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Barr, Rachel·2010·Developmental Review

DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.001PMC PMC2885850

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Abstract

The ability to transfer learning across contexts is an adaptive skill that develops rapidly during early childhood. Learning from television is a specific instance of transfer of learning between a 2-Dimensional (2D) representation and a 3-Dimensional (3D) object. Understanding the conditions under which young children might accomplish this particular kind of transfer is important because by 2 years of age 90% of US children are viewing television on a daily basis. Recent research shows that children can imitate actions presented on television using the corresponding real-world objects, but this same research also shows that children learn less from television than they do from live demonstrations until they are at least 3 years old; termed the video deficit effect. At present, there is no coherent theory to account for the video deficit effect; how learning is disrupted by this change in context is poorly understood. The aims of the present review are (1) to review the conditions under which children transfer learning between 2D images and 3D objects during early childhood, and (2) to integrate developmental theories of memory processing into the transfer of learning from media literature using Hayne's (2004) developmental representational flexibility account. The review will conclude that studies on the transfer of learning between 2D and 3D sources have important theoretical implications for general developmental theories of cognitive development, and in particular the development of a flexible representational system, as well as policy implications for early education regarding the potential use and limitations of media as effective teaching tools during early childhood.

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Authors: Barr, R.
Affiliations: Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author: Barr, Rachel
ORCID: Barr, Rachel
Venue: Developmental Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-06
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Pages: 128-154
ISSN: 0273-2297 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.001
PMC: PMC2885850
OpenAlex: W2067630609
Cited by: 294
References: 212
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 15.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Developmental Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R03HD056084)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Keywords: transfer of learning, television learning, representational flexibility, memory processes, imitation, early childhood, early childhood education policy

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Transfer of learning between 2D and 3D sources during infancy: Informing theory and practice

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