Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor targeting
Abstract
Of the tumor targeting strategies, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecules is a key mechanism for solid tumor targeting, and considered a gold standard for novel drug design. In this review, we discuss various endogenous factors that can positively impact the EPR effect in tumor tissues. Further, we discuss ways to augment the EPR effect by use of exogenous agents, as well as practical methods available in the clinical setting. Some innovative examples developed by researchers to combat cancer by the EPR mechanism are also discussed.
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Due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, selective accumulation in solid tumors can be used to target hypoxic tumors more effectively.
“Due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect), 174 selective accumulation in solid tumors can be used to target hypoxic tumors more effectively.”
From Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [174]
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References 85 · Cited by 1,846
- Authors
- Iyer, A. K., Khaled, G., Fang, J., & Maeda, H.
- Affiliations
- Sojo University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Maeda, Hiroshi
- Venue
- Drug Discovery Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 17-18
- Pages
- 812-818
- ISSN
- 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027137358
- Cited by
- 1,846
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 138 · 2016: 134 · 2015: 144 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 103
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- enhanced permeability and retention effect, tumor targeting, macromolecules, solid tumors, tumor microenvironment, internal factors, drug delivery, cancer therapeutics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Neoplasms, Permeability, Polymers, Drug Delivery Systems
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