Cited by 5Pharmaceutical Economics and PolicyPharmaceutical industry and healthcareBiotechnology and Related Fields

Multiple deadlocks in the development of nonprofit drugs

Open access
Cvek, Boris·2022·Drug Discovery Today

Abstract

The current Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown us that the pharmaceutical research community can organize and administer large nonprofit clinical trials (RECOVERY and SOLIDARITY) and achieve the swift development of common, unpatentable drugs for a new indication: in this case an old, inexpensive drug, dexamethasone, for COVID-19. Why is it that such nonprofit efforts are so rare and are not organized as a systemic, routine part of drug development in the public interest? Based on my own experience with repurposing the alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram (Antabuse) for cancer, I identify at least four serious deadlocks to development of nonprofit drugs. All of these obstacles should be addressed to leverage the potential of the COVID-19 pandemic for better future healthcare systems in all countries around the world.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.001

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • These characteristics reduce pharmaceutical industry incentives to fund expensive, large-scale clinical trials, creating a gap between preclinical findings and the evidence required for regulatory approval of new indications.

    “However, these same characteristics reduce pharmaceutical industry incentives to fund expensive, large-scale clinical trials, creating a gap between preclinical findings and the evidence required for regulatory approval of new indications.156,157”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 26

  1. [4]Collins F.S. Mining for therapeutic gold Nat Rev Drug Discov 10 2011 397 21629277 PMC5101935
  2. [6]Ledford H. Coronavirus breakthrough: dexamethasone is the first drug shown to save lives Nature 582 2020 469 32546811
  3. [9]Kane P.D. Kimmelman J. Is preclinical research in cancer biology? Elife 10 2021 e67527 PMC8651283 34874006
  4. [10]Cvek B. Targeting malignancies with disulfiram (Antabuse): multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, and proteasome Curr Cancer Drug Targets 11 3 2011 332 337 21247389
  5. [11]Reinhardt S. Stoye N. Luderer M. Kiefer F. Schmitt U. Lieb K. Identification of disulfiram as a secretase-modulating compound with beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks Sci Rep 8 2018 1329 29358714 PMC5778060
  6. [12]Dalecki A.G. Haeili M. Shah S. Speer A. Niederweis M. Kutsch O. Disulfiram and copper ions kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a synergistic manner Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59 2015 4835 4844 26033731 PMC4505271
  7. [13]Potula H.H.S.K. Shahryari J. Inayathullah M. Malkovskiy A.V. Kim K.M. Rajadas J. Repurposing disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) as a potential drug candidate against Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro and in vivo Antibiotics (Basel) 9 2020 633 32971817 PMC7557442
  8. [14]Hu J.J. Liu X. Xia S. Zhang Z. Zhang Y. Zhao J. FDA-approved disulfiram inhibits pyroptosis by blocking gasdermin D pore formation Nat Immunol 21 2020 736 745 32367036 PMC7316630
  9. [15]Jin Z. Du X. Xu Y. Deng Y. Liu M. Zhao Y. Structure of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors Nature 582 2020 289 293 32272481
  10. [17]Pearson H. How COVID broke the evidence pipeline Nature 593 2021 182 185 33981057
  11. [18]Niburski K. Niburski O. Impact of Trump’s promotion of unproven COVID-19 treatments and subsequent internet trends: observational study J Med Internet Res 22 2020 e20044 PMC7685699 33151895
  12. [19]Kim A.H.J. Sparks J.A. Liew J.W. Putman M.S. Berenbaum F. Duarte-García A. A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Ann Intern Med 172 2020 819 821 32227189 PMC7138335
  13. [20]Rome B.N. Avorn J. Drug evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic N Engl J Med 382 2020 2282 2284 32289216
  14. [21]WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium Repurposed antiviral drugs for COVID-19. Interim WHO Solidarity trial results N Engl J Med 384 2021 497 511 33264556 PMC7727327
  15. [22]The Recovery Collaborative Group Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 N Engl J Med 384 2021 693 704 32678530 PMC7383595
  16. [23]Sundar S. Jha T.K. Thakus C.P. Sinha P.K. Bhattacharya S.K. Injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India N Engl J Med 356 2007 2571 2581 17582067
  17. [24]Cvek B. Nonprofit drugs as the salvation of the world’s healthcare systems: the case of Antabuse (disulfiram) Drug Discov Today 17 2012 409 412 22192884
  18. [25]Bertolini F. Sukhatme V.P. Bouche G. Drug repurposing in oncology – patient and health systems opportunities Nat RevClin Oncol 12 2015 732 742 26483297
  19. [26]Dufour P. Lang J.M. Giron C. Duclos B. Haehnel P. Jaeck D. Sodium dithiocarb as adjuvant immunotherapy for high risk breast cancer: a randomized study Biotherapy 6 1993 9 12 8389572
  20. [27]Nechushtan H. Hamamreh Y. Nidal S. Gotfried M. Baron A. Shalev Y.I. A phase IIb trial assessing the addition of disulfiram to chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer Oncologist 20 2015 366 367 25777347 PMC4391770
  21. [28]Lynch H.F. Zettler P.J. Sarpatwari A. Promoting patient interests in implementing the federal Right to Try Act JAMA 320 2018 869 870 30105394
  22. [29]Beaver J.A. Howie L.J. Pelosof L. Kim T. Liu J. Goldberg K.B. A 25-year experience of US Food and Drug Administration accelerated approval of malignant hematology and oncology drugs and biologics: a review JAMA Oncol 4 2018 849 856 29494733
  23. [30]Prasad V. Do cancer drugs improve survival or quality of life? BMJ 359 2017 j4528 28978548 PMC5695531
  24. [31]Cvek B. Searching for positive side effects of common drugs Trends Pharmacol Sci 38 2017 111 27823801
  25. [32]Goldberg A.L. Development of proteasome inhibitors as research tools and cancer drugs J Cell Biol 199 2012 583 588 23148232 PMC3494858
  26. [33]Cvek B. Proteasome inhibitors Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 109 2012 161 226 22727422

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cvek, B.
Affiliations
Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
Corresponding author
Cvek, Boris
Venue
Drug Discovery Today
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-09
Volume
27
Issue
9
Pages
2411-2414
ISSN
1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4281990832
Cited by
5
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
0.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Biotechnology and Related Fields
Keywords
drug repurposing, COVID-19 pandemic, dexamethasone, disulfiram, RECOVERY trial, Solidarity trial
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Delivery of Health Care, Disulfiram, Humans, Organizations, Nonprofit, Pandemics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review