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The relationship between crystalline methamphetamine use and methamphetamine dependence
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to determine whether crystalline methamphetamine users are more dependent on methamphetamine than people who use other forms of the drug, and if so, whether this could be accounted for by their methamphetamine use history.Method A structured face-to-face interview was used to assess drug use patterns and demographics among a convenience sample of 309 regular methamphetamine users from Sydney, Australia. Dependence on methamphetamine in the past year was measured using the Severity of Dependence Scale. The use of crystalline methamphetamine in the past year was confirmed using a photographic identification sheet.Results Participants who had used crystalline methamphetamine in the past year were significantly more likely to be dependent on methamphetamine than participants who took only other forms of methamphetamine during this time (61% versus 39%). Methamphetamine dependence was also associated with injecting or smoking methamphetamine (67% and 58%, respectively versus 30% for intranasal or oral use), using methamphetamine more than weekly (68% versus 34%), having used the drug for more than 5 years (61% versus 36%), and having used 'base' methamphetamine in the past year (59% versus 39%). Crystalline methamphetamine use remained significantly associated with methamphetamine dependence after adjusting for these patterns of methamphetamine use.Conclusions Methamphetamine users who took crystalline methamphetamine in the past year were more likely to be dependent than methamphetamine users who had not taken the crystalline form of the drug during this time.
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“McKetin et al 17 reported that a quarter of people using MA in their cross-sectional study experienced severe disability in their psychological functioning.”
From Protocol for a systematic review of psychological treatment for methamphetamine use: An analysis of methamphetamine use and mental health symptom outcomes (2017) · cites this paper as [17]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McKetin, R., Kelly, E., & McLaren, J.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- McKetin, Rebecca
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 198-204
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000961004
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- methamphetamine dependence, route of administration, injection, smoking, duration of drug use, Severity of Dependence Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Drug Administration Routes, Female, Humans, Male, Methamphetamine, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Substance-Related Disorders
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