Cocaine abuse and effects in the serum levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10
Open accessAbstract
Background Cocaine abuse is capable of activating the innate immune system in the CNS resulting in deregulation of homeostasis between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in cocaine users from a young population-based sample. Methods This is a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional population-based survey, with individuals of 18 and 35 years old. Two groups were selected: 24 healthy controls and 12 subjects who reported cocaine use. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. Results There was a statistically significant increase in IL-6 (p=0.037) and decrease in IL-10 (p=0.007) serum levels, between cocaine users and the control group. There was also an increase in the ratio IL-6/IL-10 (p=0.013) among cocaine users individuals, when compared to the control group. Conclusions Our results suggest that cocaine users showed an activation of the immune system when compared a control group, demonstrating a disruption in the balance of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines. Thus, peripheral cytokines may represent a putative biomarkers for cocaine users, contributing to the development of diagnosis and effective treatments.
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Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug abuse have been associated with inflammatory changes in the immune system, reflected by an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
“Smoking (193), excessive alcohol consumption (148), and drug abuse (149) have been associated with inflammatory changes in the immune system, as reflected by an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
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References 34 · Cited by 92
- Authors
- Moreira, F. P., Medeiros, J. R. C., Lhullier, A. C., Souza, L. D. D. M., Jansen, K., Portela, L. V., Lara, D. R., Silva, R. A. D., Wiener, C. D., & Oses, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Wiener, Carolina David
- ORCID
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 158
- Pages
- 181-185
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2174259796
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- cocaine abuse, interleukin-6, IL-10, serum cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, immune activation, biomarkers, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brazil, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Interleukin-10, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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