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Cited by 37Traffic and Road SafetyCannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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Canada’s cannabis legalization and drivers’ traffic-injury presentations to emergency departments in Ontario and Alberta, 2015-2019

Callaghan, Russell C., Sanches, Marcos, Vander Heiden, Julia, Asbridge, Mark, Stockwell, Tim, Macdonald, Scott, Peterman, Bronwen Hughes, Kish, Stephen J.·2021·Drug and Alcohol Dependence
DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109008
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Abstract

Background Worldwide momentum toward legalization of recreational cannabis use has raised a common concern that such policies might increase cannabis-impaired driving and consequent traffic-related harms, especially among youth. The current study evaluated this issue in Canada. Methods Utilizing provincial emergency department (ED) records (April 1, 2015-December 31, 2019) from Alberta and Ontario, Canada, we employed Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to assess associations between Canada's cannabis legalization (via the Cannabis Act implemented on October 17, 2018) and weekly provincial counts of ICD-10-CA-defined traffic-injury ED presentations. For each province (Alberta/Ontario), SARIMA models were developed on two driver groups: all drivers, and youth drivers (aged 14-17 years in Alberta; 16-18 years, Ontario). Results There was no evidence of significant changes associated with cannabis legalization on post-legalization weekly counts of drivers' traffic-injury ED visits in: (1) Alberta, all drivers (n = 52,752 traffic-injury presentations), an increase of 9.17 visits (95 % CI -18.85; 37.20; p = 0.52); (2) Alberta, youth drivers (n = 3265 presentations), a decrease of 0.66 visits (95 % CI -2.26; 0.94; p = 0.42); (3) Ontario, all drivers (n = 186,921 presentations), an increase of 28.93 visits (95 % CI -26.32; 84.19; p = 0.30); and (4) Ontario, youth drivers (n = 4565), an increase of 0.09 visits (95 % CI -6.25; 6.42; p = 0.98). Conclusions Implementation of the Cannabis Act was not associated with evidence of significant post-legalization changes in traffic-injury ED visits in Ontario or Alberta among all drivers or youth drivers, in particular.

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Metadata

Authors
Callaghan, R. C., Sanches, M., Vander Heiden, J., Asbridge, M., Stockwell, T., Macdonald, S., Peterman, B. H., & Kish, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
  • University of Victoria (CA)
Corresponding author
Callaghan, Russell C.
ORCID
Venue
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
228
Pages
109008
ISSN
0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109008
OpenAlex
W3197077333
Cited by
37
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7
FWCI
5.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
cannabis legalization, Cannabis Act, cannabis-impaired driving, road traffic injuries, emergency department presentation, young drivers, adolescent drivers, road safety policy, Ontario, Alberta
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Alberta, Cannabis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Legislation, Drug, Ontario

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