Readiness for weight change and its association with diet knowledge and skills, diet decision making and diet and exercise barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes
Abstract
Aims this study aimed to investigate stages of weight change in type 2 diabetics and its associations with diet knowledge and skills, diet decision making, diet and exercise barriers. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study of 1139 patients with type 2 diabetes aged>18 years in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Data were collected using the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) and were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and descriptive statistics, Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests. Results 48.1% of the patients were in the pre-contemplation stage. 7.5%, 14.6% and 29.8% of patients were in the stages of contemplation, preparation and action, respectively. Patients with a higher score in diet knowledge and skills and diet decision making were more likely to be involved in the action stage of weight loss process, while those who had more eating problems and exercise barriers were less likely to be involved in the action stage of weight loss. Conclusion The results of this study showed that a substantial percentage of patients are at the pre-contemplation stage, so proper measures are needed to inform patients about the consequences of obesity and overweight. It is also necessary to focus on people with poor incomes and education status and those living in rural areas. Improve diet knowledge and skills and diet decision making and the reduction of barriers to exercise can help patients to take action to lose weight.
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For Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes, a cluster of intertwined challenges (insufficient capacity to make independent dietary decisions, frequent emotional overeating triggers, and exercise limitations such as bodily fatigue, chronic pain and inadequate public sports infrastructure) amplifies implementation difficulty.
“A cluster of intertwined challenges further amplifies implementation difficulty, including insufficient capacity to make independent dietary decisions, frequent emotional overeating triggers, and various exercise limitations such as bodily fatigue, chronic pain and inadequate public sports infrastructure.”
Complicated multi-faceted intervention demands and fragmented, contradictory clinical guidance create widespread complexity barriers disrupting sustained diabetic dietary self-management, with distinct burdens observed in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income (LMIC) populations.
“Complicated multi-faceted intervention demands and fragmented, contradictory clinical guidance create widespread complexity barriers disrupting sustained diabetic dietary self-management, with distinct burdens observed in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income (LMIC) populations (40, 43, 70, 94).”
For Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes, integrated weight management interventions that require simultaneous dietary modification, routine physical activity and sustained medication adherence impose heavy cognitive and behavioural loads on patients.
“For Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes, integrated weight management interventions that require simultaneous dietary modification, routine physical activity and sustained medication adherence impose heavy cognitive and behavioural loads on patients.”
For Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes, demographic and disease-related factors (older age, low literacy, rural residence, long disease duration) compound intervention complexity and make long-term holistic lifestyle adjustment difficult to maintain.
“Demographic and disease-related factors further compound intervention complexity; older adults, low-literacy, rural residents and patients with long disease durations face overlapping self-care hardships, making long-term holistic lifestyle adjustment difficult to maintain (40).”
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References 44 · Cited by 10
- Authors
- Jalilian, H., Pezeshki, M. Z., Janati, A., Najafipour, F., Sarbakhsh, P., & Zarnaq, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2889-2895
- ISSN
- 1871-4021 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2966577729
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, stages of change, barriers to exercise, feeding difficulties, obesity, overweight, rural patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Decision Making, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Iran, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prognosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Exercise
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