The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
BMI and future risk for COVID-19 infection and death across sex, age and ethnicity: Preliminary findings from UK biobank
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Abstract We examined the link between BMI and risk of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and risk of COVID-19-related death among UK Biobank participants. Among 4855 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 in hospital, 839 were positive and of these 189 died from COVID-19. Poisson models with penalised thin plate splines were run relating exposures of interest to test positivity and case-fatality, adjusting for confounding factors. BMI was associated strongly with positive test, and risk of death related to COVID-19. The gradient of risk in relation to BMI was steeper in those under 70, compared with those aged 70 years or older for COVID-19 related death (Pinteraction=0.03). BMI was more strongly related to test positivity (P interaction =0.010) and death (P interaction =0.002) in non-whites, compared with whites. These data add support for adiposity being more strongly linked to COVID-19-related deaths in younger people and non-white ethnicities. If future studies confirm causality, lifestyle interventions to improve adiposity status may be important to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in all, but perhaps particularly, non-white communities.
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“Empagliflozin (EMPA), a highly selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), exhibits potential therapeutic benefits for liver steatosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated.”
From SGLT2 inhibitor promotes ketogenesis to improve MASH by suppressing CD8+ T cell activation (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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Collaborative, T. O., Williamson, E., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999 · Cited by 6,674 · cited 1×
“When taken in context with other emerging data [2,3,5], our results support the need for public health campaigns to help and support individuals across different ethnic groups who are overweight or obese to lose weight to lessen their chances of severe COVID-19.”
Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY
Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., Inglesby, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 · Cited by 6,674
Petrilli, C. M., Jones, S. A., Yang, J., Rajagopalan, H., O’Donnell, L., Chernyak, Y., Tobin, K. A., Cerfolio, R. J., François, F., & Horwitz, L. I. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1966 · Cited by 3,045
Simonnet, A., Chetboun, M., Poissy, J., Raverdy, V., Noulette, J., Duhamel, A., Labreuche, J., Mathieu, D., Pattou, F. N., Jourdain, M., et al. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22831 · Cited by 2,150
Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection
Sattar, N. A., McInnes, I. B., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.047659 · Cited by 706
Self-citationNtuk, U. E., Gill, J. M. R., Mackay, D. F., Sattar, N., & Pell, J. P. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2966 · Cited by 220
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Mogire, R. M. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004074
Matsushita, Y., Yokoyama, T., Hayakawa, K., Saito, S., Matsunaga, N., Terada, M., Suzuki, S., Morioka, S., Kutsuna, S., Hara, H., et al. (2025) · Global Health & Medicine · doi:10.35772/ghm.2025.01057
Ho, F. K., Gray, S. R., Welsh, P. I., Gill, J. M. R., Sattar, N. A., Pell, J. P., & Celis-Morales, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19661628
Self-citationSarmadi, M., Ahmadi-Soleimani, S. M., Fararouei, M., & Dianatinasab, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655561
Metadata
- Authors
- Sattar, N., Ho, F. K., Gill, J. M., Ghouri, N., Gray, S. R., Celis-Morales, C. A., Katikireddi, S. V., Berry, C., Pell, J. P., McMurray, J. J., & Welsh, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sattar, Naveed
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1149-1151
- ISSN
- 1871-4021 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7326434
- OpenAlex
- W3039633474
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- NS
- British Heart Foundation (RE/18/6/34217)
- Dasman Diabetes Institute
- NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13)
- Scottish Government
- Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13)
- Amgen
- AstraZeneca
- Lilly
- Novo Nordisk
- Pfizer
- Sanofi
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- body mass index, adiposity, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 mortality, case fatality, sex differences, age differences, ethnicity, South Asians, Afro-Caribbean, UK Biobank
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Age Factors, Ethnicity, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Body Mass Index, Survival Rate, Biological Specimen Banks, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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