Equity in Obesity Review
Open accessAbstract
Obesity disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minoritized populations and those of lower socioeconomic status. Similarly, disparities exist in the development of its downstream consequences, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The causes of these disparities are multifactorial and are influenced by structural factors such as segregation and healthcare access, and individual-level factors such as weight stigma. Interventions to decrease disparities in obesity should consider macro-level, community, and individual-level factors that might reduce disparities and improve equity in obesity care. Clinicians must also recognize the chronic nature of obesity, and how bias and stigma may impact patient care.
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Poor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations.
“Poor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations [234]”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [234]
The Background states that people with low socioeconomic status, inhabitants of rural areas, and Black and Hispanic adults face higher burdens of obesity. The Background and Mechanisms of Inequities sections also describe barriers to healthy eating for lower-income and racial or ethnic minoritized groups. The cited passages do not establish that poor nutrition disproportionately affects rural communities specifically; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPoor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations, and disparities in poor nutrition and obesity prevalence are mirrored in disparities in access to quality health care.
“Poor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations [226], and disparities in poor nutrition and obesity prevalence are mirrored in disparities in access to quality health care [227].”
Poor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations.
“Poor nutrition and obesity disproportionately affect individuals with lower socioeconomic status in rural communities and in racial and ethnic minoritized populations [234]”
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References 76 · Cited by 21
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [33]Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for ‘obesity disease’ in Japan. Circ J 2002; 66(11): 987– 92. 12419927
- Authors
- Kendrick, K. N., Bode Padron, K. J., Bomani, N. Z., German, J. C., Nyanyo, D. D., Varriano, B., Tu, L., & Stanford, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Winchester Hospital (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kendrick, Karla N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 617-627
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC13019497
- OpenAlex
- W4380150663
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 323 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK040561, U24 DK132733)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- obesity, health disparities, health equity, racial and ethnic minorities, socioeconomic status, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, weight stigma, structural racism, health care access, segregation, obesity care, clinician bias
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Obesity
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