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Cited by 398

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Synthesis, characterization and advanced sustainable applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A review

Open access
Irshad, Muhammad Atif, Nawaz, Rab, Rehman, Muhammad Zia ur, Adrees, Muhammad, Rizwan, Muhammad, Ali, Shafaqat, Ahmad, Sajjad, Tasleem, Sehar·2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Abstract

Nanotechnology is capturing great interest worldwide due to their stirring applications in various fields. Among nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs have been widely used in daily life and can be synthesized through various physical, chemical, and green methods. Green synthesis is a non-toxic, cost-effective, and eco-friendly route for the synthesis of NPs. Plenty of work has been reported on the green, chemical, physical and biological synthesis of TiO2 NPs and these NPs can be characterized through high tech. instruments. In the present review, dense data have been presented on the comparative synthesis of TiO2 NPs with different characteristics and their wide range of applications. Among the TiO2 NPs synthesis techniques, the green methods have been proven to be efficient than chemical synthesis methods because of the less use of precursors, time-effectiveness, and energy-efficiency during the green synthesis procedures. Moreover, this review describes the types of plants (shrubs, herbs and trees), microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and algae), biological derivatives (proteins, peptides, and starches) employed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs. The TiO2 NPs can be effectively used for the treatment of polluted water and positively affected the plant physiology especially under abiotic stresses but the response varied with types, size, shapes, doses, duration of exposure, metal species along with other factors. This review also highlights the regulating features and future standpoints for the measurable enrichment in TiO2 NPs product and perspectives of TiO2 NPs reliable application.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111978

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Metadata

Authors
Irshad, M. A., Nawaz, R., Rehman, M. Z. U., Adrees, M., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Ahmad, S., & Tasleem, S.
Venue
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-04
Volume
212
Pages
111978
ISSN
0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3127959360
Cited by
398
References
92
FWCI
20.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Synthesis, characterization and advanced sustainable applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111978
The paper
Irshad, M. A., Nawaz, R., Rehman, M. Z. U., Adrees, M., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Ahmad, S., & Tasleem, S. (2021). Synthesis, characterization and advanced sustainable applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111978

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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