Malignant extraovarian endometriosis: A review
Abstract
Aims Malignant transformation in extra-ovarian endometriosis is a rare but known complication. This distinct pathological entity is reviewed with a specific focus on aetiology and treatment.Methods Studies were identified by searching the English language literature in the MEDLINE database and by an extensive review of bibliographies from articles found through that search.Findings Up to 1% of women with endometriosis will develop endometriosis-associated neoplasm. Almost a quarter of the reported cases of malignancy in endometriosis have involved extra-ovarian tissues. In many cases, hormonal factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. Estrogen monotherapy in obese patients significantly increase the risk of malignant extra-gonadal endometrial transformation. Genetic anomalies have also been reported such as loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 5q. For patients with disease confined to the site of origin, a 82-100% 5-year survival has been noted for endometrioid cell type; disseminated intraperitoneal disease, however, has a very poor associated prognosis, with a 0-12% 5-year survival overall.Conclusions Women with endometriosis-associated cancers most likely represent a different class of patients than traditional ovarian cancer patients and may require different therapeutic options.
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Hyperestrogenism seems to play a role in malignant-associated endometriosis.
“Hyperestrogenism also seems to play a role [42].”
From Malignancy in Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Is There a Way to Avoid It? A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Malignant endometriosis typically affects the ovary while extra-gonadal malignant endometriosis may involve the colon, rectovaginal septum, and vaginal walls.
“Malignant endometriosis typically affects the ovary while, extra-gonadal malignant endometriosis may involve the colon, rectovaginal septum, and vaginal walls [10, 11].”
From Clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis—A report on two cases and literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Carcinogens like dioxin, and genetic anomalies involving the loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4, may be implicated in malignant transformation of endometriosis.
“Additionally, carcinogens like dioxin, and genetic anomalies involving the loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4, may be implicated [10].”
From Clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis—A report on two cases and literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
The transitional zone is seen in only 36-42% of cases and is optional.
“However, the transitional zone is seen in only 36-42% cases and is optional [7].”
From Malignancies Associated with Extraovarian Endometriosis: A Literature Review (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
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References 94 · Cited by 108
- Authors
- Benoit, L., Arnould, L., Cheynel, N., Diane, B., Causeret, S., Machado, A., Collin, F., Fraisse, J., & Cuisenier, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre Georges François Leclerc (FR)
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne (FR)
- Venue
- European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-11
- ISSN
- 0748-7983 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059128284
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Surgical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- endometrioid carcinoma, obesity, loss of heterozygosity, chromosome 5q, prognosis, survival, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Ovarian Neoplasms, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Survival Rate
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