Design, optimization, modeling and testing of a piezoelectric footwear energy harvester

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Piezoelectric vibration energy harvester: Operating mode, excitation type and dynamics

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Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Compliant Devices for Ultrahigh-Precision Engineering

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Force Analysis and Energy Harvesting for Innovative Multi-functional Shoes

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An investigation on a cylinder harvester made of piezoelectric coupled torsional beams

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Conversion of Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy Using Piezoelectric Materials for Bicycle Lane Lighting Systems

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A review on energy harvesting for sustainable IoT monitoring systems

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Therapeutic smart-footwear approach for management of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: Current challenges and focus for future perspective

Okoduwa, S. I. R., Igiri, B. E., Tagang, J., Okoduwa, U. J., & Adeyi, A. O. (2024) · Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.medntd.2024.100311 · Cited by 15

A Review of Footstep Energy Harvesting Systems

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Experimental and simulation of a tension-like nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester

Zhao, Q., Luo, L., Wang, G. F., Yang, C., Zhang, H., Shen, H., & Song, R. (2024) · Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures · doi:10.1080/15376494.2024.2357265 · Cited by 11

A self-powered three-dimensional lower-limb motion monitoring system with full-posture biomechanical energy harvesting capability

Ze-Wen, C. H. E. N., Wang, X.-J., Du, R.-H., Du, K.-W., He, J.-Y., Zhang, B., Wei, K., Meng, G., Zou, H., & Zhao, L. (2025) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0303989 · Cited by 10

Ionic Gelatin-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Generator with Scalability for Human Body Heat Harvesting

Wang, S., Han, L., Liu, H., Dong, Y., & Wang, X. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15093441 · Cited by 10

Performance-aware design for piezoelectric energy harvesting optimisation via finite element analysis

Martinelli, C., Coraddu, A., & Cammarano, A. (2022) · International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design · doi:10.1007/s10999-022-09619-4 · Cited by 10

A belt-type low-frequency piezoelectric energy harvester for human abdominal motion energy harvesting

Chen, G., Zhu, Y., & Zhou, S. (2025) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x251321972 · Cited by 10

Research on a novel non-linear magnetically coupled piezoelectric self-powered mouse

Wang, S., He, L., Liu, X., Sun, L., Sun, B., & Cheng, G. (2022) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2022.102940 · Cited by 10

Design of a New Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Handrail With Vibration and Force Excitations

Li, Z., Xu, Q., & Tam, L. M. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948085 · Cited by 10

Simple and Low-Cost Footstep Energy-Recover Barocaloric Heating and Cooling Device

García‐Ben, J., Delgado-Ferreiro, I., Salgado‐Beceiro, J., & Bermúdez‐García, J. M. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14205947 · Cited by 10

Self-weight utilization harvester oriented to low-frequency gait for human health monitoring and assistive training

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Comprehensive Piezoelectric Material Application Issues on Energy Harvesting for Artificial Intelligence Systems

Shabara, M. A., Badawi, A. R., & Xu, T.-B. (2020) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2020-1862 · Cited by 9

Recent Progress on Bio-mechanical Energy Harvesting System from the Human Body: Comprehensive Review

Mohankumar, V., & Jayaramaiah, G. V. (2021) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2021.0120721 · Cited by 10

A high-power and high-efficiency mini generator for scavenging energy from human foot movement

Wu, H., Qian, S., Hou, X., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., Song, X., Liu, Y., Shi, S., Geng, W., Mu, J., et al. (2023) · Science China Technological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11431-023-2531-9 · Cited by 8

Performance Correction and Parameters Identification Considering Non-Uniform Electric Field in Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Wang, X., Liu, H., Zheng, H., Liu, G., & Xu, D. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24154943 · Cited by 8

Simulation of Electromagnetic Generator as Biomechanical Energy Harvester

Gurusamy, N., Elamvazuthi, I., Yahya, N., Su, S. W., & Truong, B.-H. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12126197 · Cited by 8

A magnetically coupled footstep energy harvester for embedded pavement systems

Zhao, L., Ze-Wen, C. H. E. N., Wang, X.-J., Zhu, Q.-W., Gao, Q., Wu, Z.-Y., Yan, G., Meng, G., Zhang, W.-M., Liu, S., et al. (2026) · Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2026.114469 · Cited by 7

Active Vibration Suppression of Stiffened Composite Panels with Piezoelectric Materials under Blast Loads

Lee, C., Jung, J., & Jeong, S.-M. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10010387 · Cited by 7

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel 3-DOF Energy Harvester With Single Piezoelectric Stack

Wu, Z., & Xu, Q. (2019) · Journal of Mechanical Design · doi:10.1115/1.4045302 · Cited by 7

Piezoelectric Transducer Inventions in the Last Two Decades

Xu, T.-B. (2022) · MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference (OCEANS) · doi:10.1109/oceans47191.2022.9976990 · Cited by 6

Design and analysis of magnetostrictive two-dimensional kinetic energy harvester

Liu, H., Tong, X., Sun, X., Wang, W., Liang, S., Chang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ad1deb · Cited by 6

Energy Harvesting in Smart Cities

Chew, Z. J., Kuang, Y., Ruan, T., & Zhu, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15145-4_35-1 · Cited by 6

Getting Fit in a Sustainable Way: Design and Optimization of a Low-Cost Regenerative Exercise Bicycle

Pham, H., Bandaru, A. P., Bellannagari, P., Zaidi, S., & Viswanathan, V. K. (2022) · Designs · doi:10.3390/designs6030059 · Cited by 6

Proof Mass Effects on a Flextensional Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Zhao, B., Xu, T.-B., & Perrine, L. K. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.522 · Cited by 6

Design Strategies for High‐Performance Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices

Zhou, J., Liu, M., Gao, S., Gao, X., Li, C., Yang, W., Zhuo, R., & Li, F. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202512672 · Cited by 6

Underwater communication acoustic transducers: a technology review

Shams, L., & Xu, T.-B. (2023) · Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems · doi:10.1117/12.2663073 · Cited by 5

Robotic-Powered Prosthesis: A Review and Directions

Sariff, N. B., Sooriamoorthy, D., Yasir, A. S. H. M., Mahadzir, P. N. A. F. S., Massouh, J., Mushadiq, M. T. M., Ping, J. T. K., & Seng, S. E. K. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1005208 · Cited by 5

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with a New-Type Dynamic Amplifier

Man, D., Xu, G., Xu, H., Xu, D., & Tang, L. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/7155628 · Cited by 5

Linear Reciprocating Motion Energy Harvester Systems Based on Multiple Operation Modes: A Review

Gu, X., He, L., Wang, S., Liu, L., Hou, Y., & Cheng, G. (2023) · Journal of Electronic Materials · doi:10.1007/s11664-023-10285-1 · Cited by 5

Characterization of Foot Strike Motion and Biomechanical Energy Harvesting for Footwear

Pan, Q., Long, Z., Zheng, Y., & Yang, Z. (2025) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3550510 · Cited by 4

Dynamic Characteristics of Bistable Vibration Energy Harvester Incorporating Electromagnetic Generator

You, J., Tang, B., & Xu, M. (2024) · International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics · doi:10.1142/s0219455424502675 · Cited by 4

Flextensional piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies

Xu, T.-B., Shams, L., & Zhao, B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15476-8.00012-5 · Cited by 4

Energy Harvesting from Close Type Footwear: A Smart Design Approach

Hossain, M. A., Abdulla‐Al‐Mamun, M., & Paul, A. C. (2022) · Textile & Leather Review · doi:10.31881/tlr.2022.18 · Cited by 4

Design and preliminary testing of a piezoelectric-based sole energy harvester

Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Shi, Q., Liao, H., Wu, X., & Gao, F. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) · doi:10.1109/robio55434.2022.10011995 · Cited by 4

Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Challenging Operating Environments

Yin, T., Guan, X., Chen, J., Zhang, H., Huang, F., & Xu, B. (2026) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202524063 · Cited by 3

Effects of Modulation Coefficient Adjustment on Energy Regeneration of Damping Torque Controlled Transtibial Prosthesis

Zhu, W., Mai, J., & Wang, Q. (2022) · IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) · doi:10.1109/biorob52689.2022.9925336 · Cited by 3

Cooperativity Model for Improving the Walking-Assistance Efficiency of the Exoskeleton

Ma, J., Sun, D., Ding, Y., Luo, D., & Chen, X. D. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13071154 · Cited by 3

A Flexible Piezoelectric-based Tactile Sensor for Dynamic Force Measurement

Xiang, G., Wang, X., Cheng, N., Hu, L., Zhang, H., & Liu, H. (2022) · International Conference on High Performance Big Data and Intelligent Systems (HPBD&IS) · doi:10.1109/hdis56859.2022.9991654 · Cited by 3

A comprehensive dynamic continuous model of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters under arbitrary excitation considering electrodes and protective layers

Cao, Y., Wang, J., Liao, Y., & Tang, L. (2023) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aceb01 · Cited by 3

Finite element modelling and experimental validations of proof mass effects on flextensional piezoelectric energy harvesters

Zhao, B., & Xu, T.-B. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2024.116185 · Cited by 3

Shoe-Based Energy Harvesting Using Ionic Polymer Metal Composites

Patel, S. N., & Mukherjee, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0550-5_15 · Cited by 3

Optimizing and Enhancing Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices

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Piezoelectric-based sole energy harvester for capturing energy from human walking

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Efficient robust topology optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesters with smooth boundaries and reduced computational cost

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A Novel Non-Resonant Energy Harvester for Ultra-Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting from Human Walking

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A seahorse-exoskeleton-inspired electromagnetic energy harvester with linear-to-rotation mechanism for low-frequency human motion energy harvesting

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Charge-pumping with finger capacitance in a custom electrostatic energy harvesting ASIC

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Frequency and load effects on rectifier bridges and active circuits on mechanical energy harvested using piezoelectric materials

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Optimization of a Piezoelectric Bending Beam-based Human Knee Energy Harvester

Liao, H., Wang, Y., Shi, Q., Huang, R., & Gao, F. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) · doi:10.1109/icma57826.2023.10215790 · Cited by 2

Shape optimization of a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam for human knee energy harvester

Liao, H., Wu, T., Gao, G., Wu, X., & Gao, F. (2024) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ad78ce · Cited by 2

TRİBOELEKTRİK NANOJENERATÖRLER İLE ENERJİ HASADI: TEORİK KÖKEN, ÇALIŞMA PRENSİBİ VE ÇALIŞMA MODLARI

Yılmaz, N. D. (2021) · Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences · doi:10.36306/konjes.745063 · Cited by 2

Analysis of the Impact Resistance of Toecaps by the Finite Element Method: Preliminary Studies

Kropidłowska, P., Irzmańska, E., Gołębiowski, Ł., Jurczyk‐Kowalska, M., & Boczkowska, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010152 · Cited by 2

Response analysis of undamped primary system subjected to base excitation with a dynamic vibration absorber integrated with a piezoelectric stack energy harvester

Linh, N. N., Tuan, V. A., Tuan, N. V., & Anh, N. D. (2022) · Vietnam Journal of Mechanics · doi:10.15625/0866-7136/17948 · Cited by 2

An efficient hybrid biomechanical energy harvesting system using human motions for low-power applications

Venugopal, M., & Jayaramaiah, G. V. (2023) · International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp433-443 · Cited by 2

Characterization of Polyvinylidene Difluoride-based Energy Harvesting with IDE Circuit Flexible Cantilever Beam

Ahmad, K. A., Abdullah, N., Rahman, M. F. A., Osman, M. K., & Boudville, R. (2022) · Pertanika journal of science & technology · doi:10.47836/pjst.30.1.33 · Cited by 1

Design and experimental investigation of a high-efficiency rolling electromagnetic energy harvester with an arc-shaped track

Liao, X., Chen, L., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101153 · Cited by 1

Theoretical Design and Experimental Study of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered Ski Boots

Jie, M., Cai, L., Jiang, D., Qi, Z., Sun, Z. L., Zhang, F., Zhao, Y., Li, Z., Chen, J., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings15111288 · Cited by 1

Comparative study on three matrix-based kinetostatic and dynamic modeling approaches for cartwheel flexure hinge

Yuan, L., Zeng, T., Ling, M., Lai, J., Li, H., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science · doi:10.1177/09544062261418093 · Cited by 1

Contribution Evaluation from Each Optimization Factor of Cantilevered Harvesters in the Improvement of their Energy Harvesting Performance

Xie, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Hu, X. (2021) · Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s42835-021-00870-x · Cited by 1

Design of a piezoelectric energy harvesting handrail with dual excitation modes

Xu, Q., & Tam, L. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823364-1.00001-8 · Cited by 1

Plugging Energy Regeneration Improves Braking Torque at Low Speed Instead of Dynamic Energy Regeneration

Zhang, J., Liu, X., & Feng, Y. (2023) · International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics · doi:10.1109/icorr58425.2023.10304756 · Cited by 1

An Ultra-high-power Density Piezoelectric Cryogenic Actuator

Xu, T.-B., Huffine, J., Jiang, X., & Zhang, S. (2024) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2024-0263 · Cited by 1

Investigations of Vibratory Lines from PWM in Order to Recover Vibratory Energy on an Electric Machine

Casisa, A., Lafarge, B., & Lanfranchi, V. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) · doi:10.1109/icit58233.2024.10540948 · Cited by 1

Nonlinear electromechanical behaviors of piezoelectric generators with hybrid stiffnesses

Li, Z., Yan, X., Peng, Y., Liu, J., Shen, F., Xie, X., Zheng, J., & Duan, C. (2024) · Energy Conversion and Management X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100686 · Cited by 1

Analytical Modelling of Resistive Load Effect on Transient Voltage and Power Output from d_33-mode Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

Osheidu, S. E., Israel-Cookey, C., Amakiri, A. R. C., Sigalo, F. B., & Davies, O. A. (2025) · International Journal of Current Science Research and Review · doi:10.47191/ijcsrr/v8-i1-30 · Cited by 1

Stress enhancement of a trapezoidal bridge piezoelectric transducer in high force environment

Long, S. X., Khoo, S. Y., Ong, Z. C., & Soong, M. F. (2021) · Ferroelectrics · doi:10.1080/00150193.2021.1890461 · Cited by 1

Energy Harvesting in Smart Cities

Chew, Z. J., Kuang, Y., Ruan, T., & Zhu, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69698-6_35 · Cited by 1

Modeling and Analysis of the Self-powered Device for Wireless Heart Rate MeasurementPreprint

Aripriharta, A., Muladi, M., Mufti, N., Zaeni, I. A. E., Wirawan, I. M., & Horng, G.-J. (2019) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0272.v1 · Cited by 1

Wearable Energy Harvesting for Charging Portable Electronic Devices by Walking

Pritchard, D. A. (2020) · Figshare · Cited by 1

Wearable Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

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Diseño e Implementación de un Prototipo Portable de Generación Piezoeléctrica

Portilla, M., Ludeña, R., Asanza, V., Dávila, M., & Nevarez, M. (2024) · Revista Politécnica · doi:10.33333/rp.vol54n1.06

A Hybrid-Powered Wireless System for Multiple Biopotential Monitoring

Li, X. (2019) · doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/812

Centrifugal Inertia for Sensitivity Reduction of Energy Harvesting Backpack Performance to Carried Mass

Hou, Z., Cao, J., Liu, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5912-6_45

An Experimental Study on Efficient Piezoelectric Coupled Beams and Corresponding Piezoelectric Bricks

Wang, Z., Xie, X., Zhang, J., & Du, G. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app112311504

Introduction

Xu, Q., & Tam, L. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823364-1.00007-9

Survey of mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvester

Xu, Q., & Tam, L. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823364-1.00006-7

Design Study of Magnetically Coupled Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Combined with Mouse StructurePreprint

Wang, S., Zhou, J., Han, Y., Liu, X., Zheng, X., & He, L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4128949

Preparation and Performance Study of Piezoelectric Shoes Based on Shrapnel Transducer Structure

Zhu, Q., Ronglei, L., & Shi, K. (2022) · Integrated ferroelectrics · doi:10.1080/10584587.2022.2102798

A composite energy harvester based on human reciprocating motion

Gu, X., He, L., Wang, H., Sun, L., Zhou, Z., & Cheng, G. (2023) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0131504

Powering the Future with Human Motion Energy Harvesting, a Reliable Functionally Graded Piezoelectric NanogeneratorPreprint

Wang, Z., Narita, F., Mori, K., & Zhao, Z. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4462946

Electric Bikes as Exercise Equipment: A Technical Study on Design and Energy Recovery for Home and Fitness Center Use

Bharanitharan, P. R., Anbalagan, R., Mani, T., & Arumugam, V. (2023) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2023-28-0104

Piezoelectric energy harvesting applied to smart tilting pad journal bearings

da Silveira, A. R. G. (2021) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2021.1166088

A design of tuned mass damper with piezoelectric stack energy harvester and two-stage force amplification frame

Nguyễn, N. A., Nang, T. D., Tuan, V. A., Anh, N. D., Viet, L. D., Anh, T. T., & Linh, N. N. (2024) · Vietnam Journal of Mechanics · doi:10.15625/0866-7136/21026

Cam Profile Optimization for a Piezoelectric-Based Sole Energy Harvester

Liao, H., Ren, Z., Wang, Y., Wu, X., & Gao, F. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) · doi:10.1109/robio64047.2024.10907295

Dynamic Analysis of a Tri-stable Nonlinear Energy Sink with Nonlinear Damping for Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting in Structural Health Monitoring Applications

Moslemi, A., & Rashidi, M. (2025) · International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) · doi:10.1109/icecet63943.2025.11472174

A self-powered smart shoe integrating energy harvesting-buffering functions for continuous human motion state recognition

Yan, X., Li, Y., Hao, J., Zhang, J., Wang, K., Liu, H., Li, Q., zhang, S., Zheng, Y., Cui, J., et al. (2026) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2026.118291

Synergistic co-design of a piezoelectric energy harvester with multi-stage force amplification and designable structural nonlinearity

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