The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does the EU Emissions Trading System induce investment leakage? Evidence from German multinational firms
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, higher domestic costs tend to deter new investment, thus shifting new investment abroad, a process that is slower and harder to detect (31-33).”
From Carbon Leakage, Consumption, and Trade (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme
Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2971733 · Cited by 5,486
Statistics and Causal Inference
Holland, P. W. (1986) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354 · Cited by 5,293
Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation
Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.47.1.5 · Cited by 4,926
Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies
Dehejia, R., & Wahba, S. (2002) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465302317331982 · Cited by 4,864
Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator
Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. (1998) · Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-937x.00044 · Cited by 3,807
Is Free Trade Good for the Environment?
Antweiler, W., Copeland, B. R., & Taylor, M. S. (1998) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.877 · Cited by 3,022
Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects
Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00655.x · Cited by 2,908
Trade, Growth, and the Environment
Copeland, B. R., & Taylor, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/.42.1.7 · Cited by 2,646
Causal effects in nonexperimental studies: Reevaluating the evaluation of training programs
Dehejia, R. H., & Wahba, S. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10473858 · Cited by 2,395
Jaffe, A. B., & Peterson, S. R. (1995) · Journal of Economic Literature · Cited by 1,874
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Borghesi, 2018, Outward foreign direct investments patterns of Italian firms in the EU ETS, Scand. J. Econ.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
China's carbon emissions trading and stock returns
Wen, F., Wu, N., & Gong, X. (2019) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104627 · Cited by 274
Wang, Y., Liao, M., Wang, Y., Xu, L., & Malik, A. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105212 · Cited by 239
Colmer, J., Martin, R., Muûls, M., & Wagner, U. J. (2020) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdae055 · Cited by 355
Embodied carbon emissions in the supply chains of multinational enterprises
Zhang, Z., Guan, D., Wang, R., Meng, J., Zheng, H., Zhu, K., & Du, H. (2020) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0895-9 · Cited by 235
Zhang, Y., & Wang, W. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105224 · Cited by 212
Carbon Leakage, Consumption, and Trade
Grubb, M., Jordan, N. D., Hertwich, E., Neuhoff, K., Das, K., Bandyopadhyay, K. R., van Asselt, H., Sato, M., Wang, R., Pizer, W. A., et al. (2022) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120820-053625 · Cited by 210
Verde, S. F. (2020) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12356 · Cited by 142
Yu, P. W., Hao, R., Cai, Z., Sun, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130121 · Cited by 150
Searching for carbon leaks in multinational companies
Dechezleprêtre, A., Gennaioli, C., Martin, R., Muûls, M., & Stoerk, T. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102601 · Cited by 159
Carbon Emissions Trading and Environmental Protection: International Evidence
Bai, J., & Ru, H. (2024) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.03143 · Cited by 131
Ma, G., Qin, J., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106581 · Cited by 107
Yu, P. W., Cai, Z., & Sun, Y. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105397 · Cited by 102
Does emission trading lead to carbon leakage in China? Direction and channel identifications
Zhou, B., Zhang, C., Wang, Q., & Zhou, D. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110090 · Cited by 87
Guo, Q., Su, Z., & Chiao, C. (2021) · Economic Change and Restructuring · doi:10.1007/s10644-021-09353-5 · Cited by 93
Ex-post investigation of cost pass-through in the EU ETS - an analysis for six industry sectors
Cludius, J., de Bruyn, S., Schumacher, K., & Vergeer, R. (2020) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104883 · Cited by 84
Carbon emissions trading system and investment efficiency: Evidence from China
Chen, W., Zhang, L., Shi, L., Shao, Y., & Zhou, K. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131782 · Cited by 93
Fontagné, L., & Schubert, K. (2023) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-082322-034040 · Cited by 85
Colmer, J., Martin, R., Muûls, M., & Wagner, U. J. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3725482 · Cited by 71
Trade flows, carbon leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System
Wang, M., & Kuusi, T. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107556 · Cited by 82
Fixed asset changes with carbon regulation: The cases of China
Dong, H., Liu, W., Liu, Y., & Xiong, Z. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114494 · Cited by 61
Assessing the effects of emissions trading systems on energy consumption and energy mix
Tan, X., Sun, Q., Wang, M., Cheong, T. S., Shum, W. Y., & Huang, J. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118583 · Cited by 59
Do regional emission trading schemes lead to carbon leakage within firms? Evidence from Japan
Sadayuki, T., & Arimura, T. H. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105664 · Cited by 58
Do investors care about carbon emissions under the European Environmental Policy?
Mama, H. B., & Mandaroux, R. (2021) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2886 · Cited by 58
The influence of carbon risk on firm value: Evidence from the European Union Emission Trading Scheme
Dewaelheyns, N., Schoubben, F., Struyfs, K., & Hulle, C. V. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118293 · Cited by 52
The pollution haven effect and investment leakage: The case of the EU-ETS
Beule, F. D., Schoubben, F., & Struyfs, K. (2022) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110536 · Cited by 51
Qi, Y., Yuan, M., & Bai, T. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117671 · Cited by 51
Fiscal Policies to Address Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific
Dabla‐Norris, E., Daniel, J. A., Nozaki, M., Alonso, C., Balasundharam, V., Bellon, M., Chen, C., Corvino, D., & Kilpatrick, J. (2021) · Departmental Paper · doi:10.5089/9781513561394.087 · Cited by 49
The influence of environmental regulation on the FDI location choice of EU ETS-covered MNEs
Beule, F. D., Dewaelheyns, N., Schoubben, F., Struyfs, K., & Hulle, C. V. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115839 · Cited by 49
Climate policy and international trade – A critical appraisal of the literature
Jakob, M. (2021) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112399 · Cited by 58
National and Sub-national Policies and Institutions
Change, I. P. O. C. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157926.015 · Cited by 81
EU carbon emissions by multinational enterprises under control-based accounting
Ortiz, M., Santiago, L. A. L., & Cadarso, M. (2020) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105104 · Cited by 47
Are climate change policies politically costly?
Furceri, D., Ganslmeier, M., & Ostry, J. D. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113575 · Cited by 50
Is there a macroeconomic carbon rebound effect in EU ETS?
BOLAT, C., Soytaş, U., Akinoglu, B. G., & Nazlıoğlu, Ş. (2023) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106879 · Cited by 43
Tax avoidance as an unintended consequence of environmental regulation: Evidence from the EU ETS
Compagnie, V., Struyfs, K., & Torsin, W. (2023) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102463 · Cited by 43
Carbon price floors and low-carbon investment: A survey of German firms
Ohlendorf, N., Flachsland, C., Nemet, G. F., & Steckel, J. C. (2022) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113187 · Cited by 41
On the economics of carbon pricing: Insights from econometric modeling with industry-level data
Lin, B., & Wesseh, P. K. (2020) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104678 · Cited by 44
The impact of carbon market pilots on air pollution: evidence from China
Li, X., Hu, Z., & Cao, J. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14995-z · Cited by 41
China’s ETS pilots: program design, industry risk, and long-term investment
Li, K., Qi, S.-Z., Yan, Y.-X., & Zhang, X.-L. (2021) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2021.11.002 · Cited by 40
China’s emissions trading scheme, firms’ R&D investment and emissions reduction
Yu, J., Liu, P., Shi, X., & Ai, X. (2023) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2023.09.039 · Cited by 40
Environmental Policy and the CO2 Emissions Embodied in International Trade
Assogbavi, K. K. E., & Dées, S. (2022) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-022-00734-6 · Cited by 40
Mandaroux, R., Schindelhauer, K., & Mama, H. B. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113697 · Cited by 43
Should I stay or should I go? Carbon leakage and ETS in an evolutionary model
Antoci, A., Borghesi, S., Iannucci, G., & Sodini, M. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105561 · Cited by 41
Emission trading schemes and cross-border mergers and acquisitions
Chen, Y., Zhang, D., Guo, K., & Ji, Q. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2024.102949 · Cited by 32
Globalization and climate change: State of knowledge, emerging issues, and policy implications
Jakob, M. (2022) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.771 · Cited by 36
Have consumption-based CO2 emissions in developed countries peaked?
Wang, Z., Yan, H., Gao, X., Liang, Q., Mi, Z., & Liu, L.-C. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113894 · Cited by 33
Mapping carbon footprint along global value chains: A study based on firm heterogeneity in China
Yan, Y., Wang, R., Chen, S., Wang, F., & Zhao, Z. (2022) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2022.03.002 · Cited by 28
Zhao, L., Li, Z.-Y., & Cheng, L. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121743 · Cited by 28
Imported carbon emissions: Evidence from French manufacturing companies
Dussaux, D., Vona, F., & Dechezleprêtre, A. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.1111/caje.12653 · Cited by 26
Misch, F., & Wingender, P. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107786 · Cited by 27
Das Klimaschutzprogramm der Bundesregierung: Eine Wende der deutschen Klimapolitik?
Edenhofer, O., Kalkuhl, M., & Ockenfels, A. (2020) · Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik · doi:10.1515/pwp-2020-0001 · Cited by 23
Misch, F., & Wingender, P. (2021) · IMF Working Paper · doi:10.5089/9781513593029.001 · Cited by 21
Huang, Y., Fang, K., Liu, G., & Guo, S. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108091 · Cited by 23
Compatibility and correlation of multi-attribute decision making: a case of industrial relocation
Neto, J. M., Salomon, V. A. P., Barrios, M. A. O., & Petrillo, A. (2022) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04603-9 · Cited by 20
Sustainable entrepreneurship: When does environmental compliance improve corporate performance?
Wesseh, P. K., Lin, B., Zhang, Y., & Wesseh, P. S. (2023) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3657 · Cited by 23
The impact of energy prices on industrial investment location: Evidence from global firm level data
Saussay, A., & Sato, M. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2024.102992 · Cited by 39
Econometric analysis of the impact of innovative city pilots on CO2 emissions in China
Ge, T., Li, J., & Wang, C. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02439-8 · Cited by 18
Biancalani, F., Gnecco, G., Metulini, R., & Riccaboni, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70260-6 · Cited by 21
EU ETS phase IV and Industrial performance
Boungou, W., & Dufau, B. (2024) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111596 · Cited by 17
Carbon taxes and tariffs, financial frictions, and international spillovers
Carattini, S., Kim, G., Melkadze, G., & Pommeret, A. (2024) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104883 · Cited by 16
Bai, S., Zhang, B., & Ning, Y. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140643 · Cited by 15
Liu, H., & Pan, H. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120577 · Cited by 15
Do carbon prices affect stock prices?
Bolton, P. G. M., Lam, A., & Muûls, M. (2025) · The Journal of Financial Research · doi:10.1111/jfir.12472 · Cited by 18
The energy conservation and emission reduction co-benefits of China’s emission trading system
Li, C., Chen, Z., Hu, Y., Cai, C., Zuo, X., Shang, G., & Lin, H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40811-4 · Cited by 14
Özmen, İ., & Mutascu, M. I. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-04092-1 · Cited by 17
Sun, Y.-F., Su, B., Zhong, S. W., He, J., & Yu, S. (2024) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108099 · Cited by 13
Does emission trading system lead to reverse investment leakage: Evidence from Chinese listed firms
Hongyan, D., Quayson, M., Yingyue, Z., & Chen, W. (2023) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2023.02.006 · Cited by 13
Revisiting Carbon LeakagePreprint
Misch, F., & Wingender, P. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4186713 · Cited by 13
The case for carbon leakage and border adjustments: where do economists stand?
Cameron, A., & Baudry, M. (2023) · Environmental Economics and Policy Studies · doi:10.1007/s10018-023-00366-0 · Cited by 16
Trends and drivers of China's embodied carbon emissions in global value chains
Bai, S., Zhang, B., & Ning, Y. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123623 · Cited by 12
Sectoral composition of GDP and greenhouse gas emissions: an empirical analysis in EU27
Martín-Ortega, J. L., & Sánchez, M. G. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-04048-5 · Cited by 11
Policy solutions for addressing carbon leakage: Insights from meta-regression analysis
Xie, M., & Rousseau, S. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121557 · Cited by 13
Zhang, X., Zhao, T., Feng, H., Wei, Y., Yuan, R., & Dong, L. (2024) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107703 · Cited by 11
Microdatabase Direct Investment (MiDi) – A full survey of German inward and outward investment
Blank, S., Lipponer, A., Schild, C.-J., & Scholz, D. (2020) · German Economic Review · doi:10.1515/ger-2019-0123 · Cited by 11
Financing the low-carbon transition in EuropePreprint
Carradori, O., Giuzio, M., Kapadia, S., Salakhova, D., & Vozian, K. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4510461 · Cited by 12
Campolmi, A., Fadinger, H., Forlati, C., Stillger, S., & Wagner, U. J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4644941 · Cited by 12
Environmental Policy and Investment Location: The Risk of Carbon Leakage in the EU EtsPreprint
D’Arcangelo, F. M., & Galeotti, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4726186 · Cited by 11
Liu, Y., Lv, P., & Zhao, H. (2024) · Journal of International Money and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2024.103215 · Cited by 10
Environmental policy and investment location: The risk of carbon leakage in the EU ETS
D’Arcangelo, F. M., & Galeotti, M. (2025) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114587 · Cited by 11
Carbon Exchanges: European Experience in Developing the Mechanism of Emission Permit Trading
Викторовна, Д. С., & Дмитриевна, М. А. (2020) · Financial Journal · doi:10.31107/2075-1990-2020-4-52-68 · Cited by 10
Toward low-carbon transition: Does carbon regulation matter for spatial development inequality?
Zhu, X., Deng, Q., & Zhang, S. (2024) · Economic Change and Restructuring · doi:10.1007/s10644-024-09829-0 · Cited by 9
Liu, P., Shi, X., & Yu, J. (2025) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2025.10.013 · Cited by 9
Grand, M. C., Schulz-Antipa, P. E., & Rozenberg, J. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02958-y · Cited by 9
A review contribution to emission trading schemes and low carbon growth
Aboagye, E. M., Zeng, C., Owusu, G., Mensah, F., Afrane, S., Ampah, J. D., & Brenyah, S. A. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-27673-z · Cited by 10
Will emission trading promote enterprise diversification? Evidence from China
Du, H., Zhang, Y., Opoku‐Mensah, E., & Chen, W. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-28115-6 · Cited by 8
Are Climate Change Policies Politically Costly?Preprint
Furceri, D., Ganslmeier, M., & Ostry, J. D. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4026334 · Cited by 8
Corporate Climate Risk and Membership of Emission Trading Schemes
Adamolekun, G., Ahmed, A., Kwansa, N. A., Lawal, R., & Sakariyahu, R. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.4286 · Cited by 8
Yang, L., Li, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Shao, J., & Xing, H. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123519 · Cited by 7
Cao, J., Huang, Z., & Kristanto, A. B. (2025) · Journal of International Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jiar-2024-025 · Cited by 7
Sun, Y.-F., Su, B., & Yu, S. (2025) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.06.008 · Cited by 6
Are Climate Change Policies Politically Costly?
Furceri, D., Ganslmeier, M., & Ostry, J. D. (2021) · IMF Working Paper · doi:10.5089/9781513578361.001 · Cited by 18
Environmental Regulation and Firm Exports: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China
Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Liu, T., & Liao, S. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14031084 · Cited by 6
Carbon costs and industrial firm performance: Evidence from international microdata
Trinks, A., & Hille, E. (2025) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2025.109077 · Cited by 6
How does carbon emissions trading affect China’s energy intensity?
Zha, D., Xu, T., & Wang, M. (2024) · Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy · doi:10.1080/13547860.2024.2378533 · Cited by 5
China's Carbon-Energy Policy and Asia's Energy Transition
Mori, A. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003190905 · Cited by 6
Decarbonization without borders: Evidence from China
Hou, J., Yue, Y., Wang, Y., & Ye, J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164653 · Cited by 5
Gutiérrez, E., & Lozano, S. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120139 · Cited by 5
Free allowances and the risk of carbon leakage in the beginning of the third phase of the EU ETSPreprint
Ulmer, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3880946 · Cited by 5
Cooke, F. L., Wang, J., & Wood, G. (2025) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115631 · Cited by 5
Ying, Q., Li, M., Xu, Q., & Meng, B. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127861 · Cited by 5
Carbon Offshoring: Evidence from French Manufacturing CompaniesPreprint
Dussaux, D., Vona, F., & Dechezleprêtre, A. (2020) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Koch, N., & Basse Mama, H.
- Affiliations
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Koch, Nicolas
- ORCID
- Koch, Nicolas
- Venue
- Energy Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 81
- Pages
- 479-492
- ISSN
- 0140-9883 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2940861487
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 19.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › International Business and FDI
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
- Keywords
- EU Emissions Trading System, outward foreign direct investment, multinational corporations, business relocation, energy-intensive industries, carbon pricing, German companies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review