Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Electric Vehicles in China: Combining the vehicle cycle and fuel cycle
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The carbon intensity of EV production coalesces around 140 kg CO2/kWh.
“Multiple sources report a range of values for the carbon intensity of EV production [99,105-109]. However, they mostly have the same magnitude and coalesce around 140 kg CO2/kWh, with about 25% of emissions coming from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and the remaining 35% from pack production.”
From Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries (2024) · cites this paper as [108]
About 25% of EV production emissions come from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and 35% from pack production.
“Multiple sources report a range of values for the carbon intensity of EV production [99,105-109]. However, they mostly have the same magnitude and coalesce around 140 kg CO2/kWh, with about 25% of emissions coming from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and the remaining 35% from pack production.”
From Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries (2024) · cites this paper as [108]
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 40 · Cited by 291
- Authors
- Qiao, Q., Zhao, F., Liu, Z., He, X., & Hao, H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Saudi Aramco (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hao, Han
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 177
- Pages
- 222-233
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2938807295
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 10.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71774100, 71690241, 71403142)
- Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (YESS20160140)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Keywords
- electric vehicles, greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle assessment, well-to-wheel emissions, cradle-to-gate emissions, vehicle recycling, power plant emissions, internal combustion engine vehicles, compact sedan, China
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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