The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sewage epidemiology — A real-time approach to estimate the consumption of illicit drugs in Brussels, Belgium
Open accessAbstract
The sewage epidemiology approach was applied to a one-year sampling campaign in the largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Belgium. The consumption of cocaine (COC), amphetamine (AMP), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (METH), methadone (MTD) and heroin (HER) was evaluated based on measured concentrations of the parent compound and/or metabolites in daily 24-hour composite influent wastewater samples. The inevitable back-calculations used in the sewage epidemiology approach were adapted to newly available information regarding the stability of the compounds in wastewater and the excretion pattern of illicit drugs. For COC, three different back-calculation approaches were evaluated. In addition, for the first time, efforts were made to calculate the number of inhabitants living in the catchment area of the WWTP in a real-time and dynamic way, based on concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen in the wastewater samples. Clear variations in the amount of inhabitants in the catchment area of the WWTP were observed. For COC, AMP and MDMA a significant higher weekend use was observed while for HER and MTD no significant daily variations could be found. METH consumption was negligible. Generally, the sewage epidemiology calculations were in agreement with official statistics. This manuscript shows that sewage epidemiology provides consistent and logical results and that it is a promising tool that can be used in addition to classical studies to estimate illicit drug use in populations. Therefore, efforts should be made to further optimize this approach in the future.
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Cites
Cocaine Metabolism and Urinary Excretion After Different Routes of Administration
Cone, E. J., Tsadik, A., Oyler, J., & Darwin, W. D. (1998) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/00007691-199810000-00019 · Cited by 112
Cited by
Graham, K. E., Loeb, S. K., Wolfe, M. K., Catoe, D., Sinnott-Armstrong, N., Kim, S., Yamahara, K. M., Sassoubre, L. M., Mendoza Grijalva, L. M., Roldan-Hernandez, L., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06191 · Cited by 363
Occurrence of Organic Microcontaminants in the Wastewater Treatment Process. A Mini Review
Ratola, N., Cincinelli, A., Alves, A., & Katsoyiannis, A. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.040 · Cited by 321
Melnik, A. V., da Silva, R. R., Hyde, E. R., Aksenov, A. A., Vargas, F., Bouslimani, A., Protsyuk, I., Jarmusch, A. K., Tripathi, A., Alexandrov, T., et al. (2017) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01381 · Cited by 87
Metadata
- Authors
- van Nuijs, A. L. N., Mougel, J.-F., Tarcomnicu, I., Bervoets, L., Blust, R., Jorens, P. G., Neels, H., & Covaci, A.
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 612-621
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968504211
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 15.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- van Nuijs, A. L. N., Mougel, J.-F., Tarcomnicu, I., Bervoets, L., Blust, R., Jorens, P. G., Neels, H., & Covaci, A. (2011). Sewage epidemiology — A real-time approach to estimate the consumption of illicit drugs in Brussels, Belgium. Environment International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.12.006
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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