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Assessing the risk of an excess fluoride intake among Swedish children in households with private wells — Expanding static single-source methods to a probabilistic multi-exposure-pathway approach

Augustsson, Anna, Berger, Tobias·2014·Environment International
DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.014
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Abstract

It is often assumed that water consumption is the major route of exposure for fluoride and analysis of water fluoride content is the most common approach for ensuring that the daily intake is not too high. In the present study, the risk of excess intake was characterized for children in households with private wells in Kalmar County, Sweden, where the natural geology shows local enrichments in fluorine. By comparing water concentrations with the WHO drinking water guideline (1.5 mg/L), it was found that 24% of the ca. 4800 sampled wells had a concentration above this limit, hence providing a figure for the number of children in the households concerned assessed to be at risk using this straightforward approach. The risk of an excess intake could, alternatively, also be characterized based on a tolerable daily intake (in this case the US EPA RfD of 0.06 mg/kg-day). The exposure to be evaluated was calculated using a probabilistic approach, where the variability in all exposure factors was considered, again for the same study population. The proportion of children assessed to be at risk after exposure from drinking water now increased to 48%, and when the probabilistic model was adjusted to also include other possible exposure pathways; beverages and food, ingestion of toothpaste, oral soil intake and dust inhalation, the number increased to 77%. Firstly, these results show how the risk characterization is affected by the basis of comparison. In this example, both of the refere…

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Metadata

Authors
Augustsson, A., & Berger, T.
Venue
Environment International
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-07
Volume
68
Pages
192-199
ISSN
0160-4120
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.014
Cited by
45
References
0
Language
en
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

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